Parasite meningomyelitis in cats in Uruguay

Rivero, Rodolfo; Matto, Carolina; Adrien, María de Lourdes; Nan, Fernando; Bell, Todd M.; Gardiner, Chris

doi:10.1590/s1984-29612011000300017

Cited by 16 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…All animals from this case series were young adult cats (mean age, 2,7 years) and came from rural or periurban areas of southern Chile where gurltiosis has been previously reported or is considered endemic . The clinical manifestations of gurltiosis observed in this study were similar to those reported in other studies, with chronic and progressive ambulatory paraparesis being the most common neurological sign . Neurological signs were consistent with neuroanatomical lesions observed in the necropsy and histopathological examinations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

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CLINICAL, IMAGING, AND PATHOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS OF GURLTIA PARALYSANS MYELOPATHY IN DOMESTIC CATS FROM CHILE

Mieres¹,

Gómez²,

Lillo³

et al. 2013

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Gurltia paralysans is a rare metastrongylid nematode of domestic cats that is found mainly in the veins of the spinal cord subarachnoid space and parenchyma. Endemic regions for G. paralysans mainly include Chile and Argentina. The ante mortem diagnosis of gurltiosis is difficult and based primarily on neurological signs, epidemiological factors, and the exclusion of other causes of feline myelopathies. The purpose of this retrospective case series was to describe clinical, imaging, and pathologic characteristics in nine domestic cats naturally infected with G. paralysans. Imaging tests included radiography, myelography, computed tomographic myelography (myelo-CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Neurological signs included paraparesis, paraplegia, pelvic limb ataxia and proprioceptive deficits, pelvic limb tremors, lumbosacral hyperesthesia, and tail trembling or atony. Complete blood count findings included a decrease in the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration value in eight cats. Eosinophilia in peripheral blood was observed in three cats, and thrombocytopenia was observed in three cats. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed mononuclear pleocytosis in five cases. Myelo-CT showed diffuse enlargement of the spinal cord at the midthoracic, lumbar, and sacral regions in all cats. Magnetic resonance image findings in the thoracic and lumbar region demonstrated multiple small nodular areas of T2 hyperintensity in the periphery of the spinal cord parenchyma. Localized intraparenchymal areas of increased T2 intensity were also observed in the thoracolumbar spinal cord and lumbosacral conus medullaris. In conclusion, G. paralysans should be considered as a differential diagnosis for domestic cats in endemic regions that have this combination of clinical and imaging characteristics.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…G. paralysans is found in South America, mainly in Chile and Argentina . The parasite has been sporadically reported in Uruguay and Colombia as well . The prevalence of the parasite in these regions is unknown, but infection may be underdiagnosed and the prevalence underestimated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CLINICAL, IMAGING, AND PATHOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS OF GURLTIA PARALYSANS MYELOPATHY IN DOMESTIC CATS FROM CHILE

Mieres¹,

Gómez²,

Lillo³

et al. 2013

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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“…Gurltia paralysans has been only found in South America, mainly in Chile and Argentina (Gomez et al, 2010;Guerrero et al, 2011), although the parasite has also been sporadically reported in Uruguay, Colombia and Brazil (Alzate et al, 2011;Rivero et al, 2011;Togni et al, 2012). The prevalence of the parasite in these regions is unknown and infection may be underdiagnosed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First ocular report of Gurltia paralysans (Wolffhügel, 1933) in cat

Udiz-Rodríguez¹,

García-Livia

Valladares-Salmerón³

et al. 2018

Veterinary Parasitology

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A two-year-old cat from Tenerife, Canary Islands (Spain), presented with two months history of uveitis in the left eye. It had been treated for two months but still showed an active uveitis. After new treatment, eye examination showed a mobile worm in the anterior chamber. Following surgical removal, the worm was obtained. Morphological study revealed that it was a male metastrongyloid nematode (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea) with caudal bursa and two similar spicules. Molecular tools based on the 18Sr RNA gene sequence identified the parasite as Gurltia paralysans, which is a neurotropic nematode previously found in South America. Therefore, this article describes the first report of ophthalmic case of parasitism by G. paralysans, and cites for first time this species out of South America.

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“…Desde sua descoberta, a doença permaneceu esquecida, porém, a partir de 2010, novos casos foram descritos nesse país (Gómez et al 2010, Moroni et al 2012. Aparentemente a doença ocorria exclusivamente no Chile, no entanto, em 2011, casos foram relatados no Uruguai (Rivero et al 2011) e na Argentina (Guerrero et al 2011). Fora desses três países, há apenas uma possível ocorrência de G. paralysans, caso ocorrido em Ithaca, Nova York, e avaliado pelo Dr. Georgi da Universidade de Cornell, em 1993.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e anatomopatológicos da infecção por Gurltia paralysans em gatos

et al. 2013

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ABSTRACT.-Togni M., Panziera W., Souza T.M., Oliveira Filho J.C., Mazzanti A., Barros C.S. In the last 20 years, an unknown neurological disease affected cat populations in the Western Border Region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The onset of the disease was characterized by tail paralysis, followed by progressive paraparesis in the pelvic limbs, difficulty in ambulation and proprioceptive ataxia. After long prolonged clinical courses (12-24 months), when then affected cats became severely paraparetic and start to develop pressure sores do to decubitus, they were destroyed by the owners. At necropsy there were variable degrees of skeletal muscle atrophy of the pelvic muscles and some degree of reddening of the meninges at the level of T10-L7, due to the presence of a myriad of small blood vessels, as a typical varicose lesion that resembled a vascular hamartoma. Histologically, such lesions consisted of distension of the subarachnoid space due to a collection of dilated, blood-filled, tortuous blood vessels the lumina of which were occasionally partially or completely occluded by thrombi. Those varices were randomly surrounded by a lymphocytic or granulomatous inflammatory infiltrate with small foci of mature eosinophils. In the lumina of these varicose venules cross and longitudinal sections of nematode parasites could be observed. Based on the morphology of these parasites, in their anatomical localization (meningeal blood vessels) and in the species (cat) affected the nematode was identified as Gurltia paralysans. This paper describes detailed aspects of the epidemiology, clinical disease and pathology of this intriguing feline myelopathy and the definitive diagnosis of the condition: Feline crural parasitic paraplegia, a disease first described in Chile in the 1930's and now, for the first time, in Brazil. RESUMO.-Nos últimos 20 anos, uma doença neurológica desconhecida acometeu populações de gatos da Região da Campanha do RS e tornou-se um desafio diagnóstico para os veterinários locais. Os gatos afetados desenvolviam inicialmente paralisia da cauda, seguida de paraparesia progressiva nos membros pélvicos, alteração da marcha, posição plantígrada e ataxia proprioceptiva. Após longos períodos de evolução clínica (12-24 meses), quando se tornavam marcadamente paraparéticos e começavam a apresentar escaras de decúbito, eram sacrificados pelos proprietários. Na necropsia, demonstravam graus variados de atrofia dos músculos pélvicos e algum grau de avermelhamento das meninges entre T10 e L7, devido à presença de miríades

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Parasite meningomyelitis in cats in Uruguay

Cited by 16 publications

References 13 publications

CLINICAL, IMAGING, AND PATHOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS OF GURLTIA PARALYSANS MYELOPATHY IN DOMESTIC CATS FROM CHILE

CLINICAL, IMAGING, AND PATHOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS OF GURLTIA PARALYSANS MYELOPATHY IN DOMESTIC CATS FROM CHILE

First ocular report of Gurltia paralysans (Wolffhügel, 1933) in cat

Aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e anatomopatológicos da infecção por Gurltia paralysans em gatos

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