Parasites and wildlife in a changing world: The vector-host- pathogen interaction as a learning case

Rizzoli, Annapaola; Tagliapietra, Valentina; Cagnacci, Francesca; Marini, Giancarlo; Arnoldi, Daniele; Rosso, Fausta; Rosà, Roberto

doi:10.1016/j.ijppaw.2019.05.011

Cited by 49 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…and mega-trends in climate accompanied by extreme weather conditions makes the population becomes increasingly vulnerable. These conditions have resulted in several socioeconomic impacts, such as morbidities, mortality, migration, poverty exacerbation, violent conflict, affecting people of all ages and all nationalities (Rizzoli et al, 2019;Grande et al, 2020;Watts et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several factors, mainly of anthropogenic origin, are related to increased risk of disease outbreaks of vector-borne and zoonotic diseases, such as mega-trends in human population growth, ecosystems reduction and fragmentation and land use modification and climate change (Rizzoli et al, 2019;Allen et al, 2017;Guo et al, 2019;Loh et al, 2015). Therefore, the relationship between a pandemic, as the current COVID-19, global environmental change and human health is overly complex and deep.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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90 Days of COVID-19 Social Distancing and Its Impacts on Air Quality and Health in Sao Paulo, Brazil

Debone¹,

Costa²,

Miraglia³

2020

Preprint

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The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused by spreading rapidly a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has imposed a unique situation for the humanity. Sao Paulo has reported 124,105 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 5,623 deaths up to June 14th, being considered the epicenter of the pandemic in Brazil and in South America. Due to the measures for social distancing, there was a drop in the air pollution concentration in Sao Paulo. Starting on March 16th, 2020, we broke 90 days of social distancing into 13 weeks and compared to an equivalent period in 2019. We investigated the air quality improvement during the quarantine period and compared the associated avoided deaths to COVID-19 burden deaths. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was the best indicator of air quality in the analyzed weeks, since its reduction reached 58 %. Our study showed that the 5,623 deaths occurred during the analyzed weeks of quarantine represents an economic health loss of US$ 10.5 billion. In opposite, we observed a significant air quality improvement due to pollutants concentrations’ reductions during the analyzed weeks. Considering PM10, PM2.5 and NO2, the decrease of concentration levels respectively avoided 78, 337 and 387 premature deaths and prevented up to US$ 1.5 billion on health costs. These results highlight the importance of continuing to enforce existing air pollution regulations and measures to protect human health both during and after COVID-19 pandemic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

90 Days of COVID-19 Social Distancing and Its Impacts on Air Quality and Health in Sao Paulo, Brazil

Debone¹,

Costa²,

Miraglia³

2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In the Anthropocene Epoch, climate change emerges as one of the most important factors affecting the host-parasite equilibrium [62], but the knowledge of the joint effects of parasitism and climate change is limited [63,64]. Communities and ecosystems could be directly and indirectly affected by climatic conditions due to the influence that thermic variations exert on parasitism [65,66].…”

Section: Ecological Importance Of Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ecological Importance of Amphipod–Parasite Associations for Aquatic Ecosystems

Giari

Fano

Castaldelli

et al. 2020

Water

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Amphipods are a key component of aquatic ecosystems due to their distribution, abundance and ecological role. They also serve as hosts for many micro- and macro-parasites. The importance of parasites and the necessity to include them in ecological studies has been increasingly recognized in the last two decades by ecologists and conservation biologists. Parasites are able to alter survival, growth, feeding, mobility, mating, fecundity and stressors’ response of their amphipod hosts. In addition to their modulating effects on host population size and dynamics, parasites affect community structure and food webs in different ways: by increasing the susceptibility of amphipods to predation, by quantitatively and qualitatively changing the host diet, and by modifying competitive interactions. Human-induced stressors such as climate change, pollution and species introduction that affect host–parasite equilibrium, may enhance or reduce the infection effects on hosts and ecosystems. The present review illustrates the importance of parasites for ecosystem processes using examples from aquatic environments and amphipods as a host group. As seen from the literature, amphipod–parasite systems are likely a key component of ecological processes, but more quantitative data from natural populations and field evidence are necessary to support the results obtained by experimental research.

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“…In close connection to their insecticidal potential, the natural extracts and EOs can be applied as acaricidal agents. The Acari, in its largest sense, refers to mites and ticks, both types of arachnids having economical and medical importance, affecting multiple crops types, as well as representing vectors for a large number of diseases [94][95][96]. In the last years, several review articles described the use of natural alternatives to the synthetic acaricides [97][98][99], works that we recommend for further reading.…”

Section: Application Of Eos As Acaricidal and Nematicidal Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The application of essential oils as a next-generation of pesticides: recent developments and future perspectives

Fierăscu

Fierascu

Dinu-Pîrvu

et al. 2019

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung C

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Abstract The overuse of synthetic pesticide, a consequence of the rush to increase crop production, led to tremendous adverse effects, as they constitute a major pollutant for both soils and water, with a high toxicity towards humans and animals and, at the same time, led to development of pest resistance. In the last period, the researches were directed towards finding new solutions with a lower toxicity, less damaging behaviour towards the environment, and a better specificity of action. In this context, the use of essential oils, a complex and unique mixture of compounds, can be considered for the next-generation pesticides. This review aims to present the main applications of the essential oils as insecticides, herbicides, acaricides, and nematicides, as they emerged from the scientific literature published in the last 5 years (2015 to present). From the identified articles within the time period, only those dealing with essential oils obtained by the authors (not commercially available) were selected to be inserted in the review, characterized using established analytical techniques and employed for the envisaged applications. The review is concluded with a chapter containing the main conclusions of the literature study and the future perspectives, regarding the application of essential oils as next-generation pesticides.

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Parasites and wildlife in a changing world: The vector-host- pathogen interaction as a learning case

Cited by 49 publications

References 117 publications

90 Days of COVID-19 Social Distancing and Its Impacts on Air Quality and Health in Sao Paulo, Brazil

90 Days of COVID-19 Social Distancing and Its Impacts on Air Quality and Health in Sao Paulo, Brazil

The Ecological Importance of Amphipod–Parasite Associations for Aquatic Ecosystems

The application of essential oils as a next-generation of pesticides: recent developments and future perspectives

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