Parasitic burden in Red panda (Ailurus fulgens Cuvier, 1825) of Illam district Community forest, Nepal

Abstract

Parasitic diseases pose significant conservation threat in conservation of Red panda. In order to assess the parasitic burden in Red panda of Illam district, Nepal, 14 faecal samples were aseptically collected from community forest of Illam using line transect method following the GPS location. The samples were examined using standard concentration techniques. All the collected samples were found to be positive for both protozoan and helminth parasites. The recorded protozoan parasites includes Eimeria sp., Entamoeba sp., and Balantidium sp. with 64.28%, 57.14% and 14.28% proportion respectively. Similarly the proportion of seven helmithes parasites revealed Oxyuris (100%), Baylisascaris (57.14%), Trichostrongylus (50%), Strongyloides (50%), Trichuris (42.8%), Crenosoma (42.85%) and Hookworm (35.7%). The most of the samples (78.52%) revealed either multiple parasitic infection or triple infection (21.42%) with low to moderate intensity of infection. In conclusion, The parasitic burden in Red Pandas of Illam, community forest is very high hence urgently needs to address this threat in Red panda conservation action plan.

Endoparasites Infecting Domestic Animals and Spectacled Bears (Tremarctos ornatus) in the Rural High Mountains of Colombia

“…This technique has a lower operational cost and moderate sensitivity and specificity. These techniques are biologically useful, but they need to be complemented with biomolecular technologies in future studies to better understand the biological relations between host and the biology of parasites due to the difficulties in obtaining samples from these animals and optimize the effort in undeveloped countries, where there is limited knowledge available and research investment [ 14 , 26 , 27 ].…”

“…In giant panda: Ailuropoda melanoleuca , Eimeria, with a prevalence of 15.9% [ 26 ]; in red panda: Ailurus fulgens , Eimeria spp. (67.44%), which is also the most prevalent parasite [ 27 ]. Similar studies report Eimeria spp.…”

Research trends, conservation issues and approaches for the endangered Red panda (Ailurus fulgens): a systematic review of literatures across their home-range

“…A significant advancement in research focusing on different aspects of populations including photographic records, identification, and demography (Chalise, 2013;Dorjeeet al, 2014;Dangol and Chalise, 2018;Ghimire et al, 2019;) were noticed. Another aspect of the research was on parasites and pathogens (Lama et al, 2015;Shrestha and Maharjan, 2015;Shrestha and Maharjan, 2017;Deng et al, 2019) in A. fulgens. Publications on A. fulgens genetics similarly started during the 2000s; with 25 articles published within two decades focusing on different aspects of genetics, including DNA sequencing Guo et al, 2011), inbreeding (Tao et al, 2009), genetic variation (Dalui et al, 2020) and molecular systematics (Nie et al, 2002;Hu et al, 2017;Jin et al, 2019).…”

“…The rate of research publication increased between 2013 and 2020 in Nepal (n= 33), Bhutan (n= 6), and India (n= 15) with the majority of the research papers (n= 17) focusing on various aspects of the species habitat (Bhatta et al, 2014;Chakraborty et al, 2015;Kandel et al, 2015;Dendup et al, 2018;Bista et al, 2019;Dendup et al, 2020) followed by population (n= 13) Bashir et al, 2019;Lama, 2019), 11 papers published on different aspects of impact on the species (Sharma et al, 2014;Acharya et al, 2018;Bhattarai, 2019;Bista et al, 2020;Lama et al, 2020), four papers published on disease (Lama et al, 2015;Shrestha and Maharjan, 2015;Shrestha and Maharjan, 2017) and two papers published on the genetics of the species in India (Kumar et al, 2016;Dalui et al, 2020). Three papers were published covering the species in multiple countries; two of them on habitat covering the overall range of A. fulgens and one on genetics in the mountains of Nepal and China (Hu et al, 2020).…”

“…Journal of Animal Diversity (2021) | © Lorestan University Press Moreover, diseases, inbreeding depression, predation by its natural predators and house dogs, infrastructure development, climate change, and forest fires have also been reported as conservation challenges (Adhikari, 2009;Ghose and Dutta, 2011;Panthi et al, 2012;Wangchuk, 2013;Kandel et al, 2015;Shrestha and Maharjan, 2015;Drukpa, 2018;Bista et al, 2019;Dendup et al, 2020).…”