Parasitic Gregarine blattarum Found Infecting American Cockroaches, Periplaneta americana, in a Population in Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

Yahaya, Zary Shariman; Izzaudin, Nik Ahmad Irwan; Razak, Ainul Farhana Abdul

doi:10.21315/tlsr2017.28.1.10

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Gregarina blattarum was rst described by Von siebold from Blatta orientalis in 1939 and also later reported from many domiciliary cockroach species including P. americana. G. blattarum considered as a complex of cryptic species rather than a single species (31,32). Our result showed a single trophozoite (Fig 9a ) and Gamont in paired form in syzygy (Fig 9b) stained with iodine.…”

Section: General Morphology Of Lophomonas Striata After Staining With...mentioning

confidence: 53%

Characterizing gut fauna of American cockroach: Presence of Lophomonas striata and Iodamoeba bütschlii

Paul,

Sardar,

Ghosh

2024

Preprint

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Background and objectives Cockroach gut houses mostly anaerobic microbial communities. Most of these eukaryotes live as endocommensal rather as pathogenic entity. The morphological diversity of the eukaryotic microorganisms present in the intestinal tract of American cockroach, Periplanata americana were investigated. Methods Cockroach host were dissected in 0.67% saline and temporary iodine wet mount were prepared. Microrganisms were stained permanently with Delafield and Heidenhain haematoxylin. Feulgen methods were used to study nuclear organization and PAS method was performed to observe mucopolysaccharide utilization and localization. Prevalence of all microscopic specimens was also noted. Results The study revealed the assemblage of complex eukaryotic fauna showing unique morphological peculiarities. Two oxyurid helminth genuses namely Hammerschmidtiella and Thelastoma were isolated with 44% and 68% prevalence respectively. Among the protozoans the highest prevalence was shown by Nyctotherus ovalis (91.2%). Feulgen reaction revealed that in most of the specimen micronucleus was embedded over the macronucleus of N. ovalis. PAS positive granules were mostly located in the anterior one third region of the cell. A new species of Nyctotheruswas also described (Nyctotherus membralis) showing characteristic membrane fold. Iodamoeba bütschlii (Prowazek, 1912) was isolated and reported for the first time from Kolkata, West Bengal, India. Another human pathogen reported to cause lung infection, Lophomonas striata was also detected with a prevalence of 9%. A moderate number of Endamoeba blattae (41%) and Gregarine blattarum (18%) isolated from hind gut and mid gut respectively. Conclusions Iodamoeba bütschlii was detected for the first time from Kolkata, West Bengal, India. The isolation of Lophomonas striata, the potential pathogen of human lungs from cockroach gut constitutes a major health risk. Discovery of new species of the ciliate Nyctotherus from cockroach hind intestine also stimulates interest on its contribution towards the host physiology.

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Section: General Morphology Of Lophomonas Striata After Staining With...mentioning

confidence: 53%

Characterizing gut fauna of American cockroach: Presence of Lophomonas striata and Iodamoeba bütschlii

Paul,

Sardar,

Ghosh

2024

Preprint

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“…The invertebrate hosts are usually infected with gregarines by swallowing mature oocysts, which are released into the environment through feces and the gregarines are often found in the digestive tract and body cavity of the insect 11 . In the current study, three life-cycle stages of gregarines such as gamont, syzygy and gametocyst have been obviously observed in midgut, hindgut and/or fece of M. barneyi , and other stages of the gregarine have not been found.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eugregarines (Eugregarinorida) are recurrent guests in insects, which have been reported in order Blattariam, including cockroaches 11 and termites 12 , 13 and other orders such as Coleoptera, Diptera, Odonata and Orthoptera 11 , 14 – 16 . In earlier studies, most of the descriptions were based on morphological traits such as the shape and size of gregarines, which may underestimate the actual diversity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First record of gregarine protists (Apicomplexa: Sporozoa) in Asian fungus-growing termite Macrotermes barneyi (Blattaria: Termitidae)

Zhang

Lin

Huang

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Macrotermes barneyi, widely distributed in southern China, is the major fungus-growing termite in the subfamily Macrotermitinae. It has no flagellated protists in the guts. Here, we report occurrence of gregarine, a protozoan parasite in the digestive tract of M. barneyi. The general morphology and ultrastructure of the gregarine gamonts and syzygies by light micrograph and scanning electron micrograph are presented. SSU rDNA sequence analysis showed that the termite gregarine has the highest identity (90.10%) to that of Gregarina blattarum from cockroaches. Phylogenetic analysis based on the SSU rDNA sequences from diverse insect eugregarines indicated that the gregarine from M. barneyi is phylogenetically close to G. blattarus, L. erratica and G. tropica from Gregarinidae and Leidyanidae families, and may represent a novel species. This study expands our knowledge about the diversity of terrestrial eugregarines parasitizing in termites.

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“…Gregarine protist contigs were the dominant downregulated contigs in the F6-indoxacarb selected line. One common parasitic gregarine, Gregarine blattarum, can infect multiple cockroach species including B. germanica, as well as other invertebrates (Yahaya et al, 2017). Gregarine infection has been shown to cause pathological effects in B. germanica as well as increase susceptibility to the fungal pathogen Metarhizium anisopliae and the growth regulator insecticide triflumuron (Lopes and Alves, 2005), which compels us to ask the question: is insecticide susceptibility caused in part by microbial pathogens or parasite stress?…”

Section: Microbial Disappearancementioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome Responses to Defined Insecticide Selection Pressures in the German Cockroach (Blattella germanica L.)

et al. 2022

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Cockroaches are important global urban pests from aesthetic and health perspectives. Insecticides represent the most cost-effective way to control cockroaches and limit their impacts on human health. However, cockroaches readily develop insecticide resistance, which can quickly limit efficacy of even the newest and most effective insecticide products. The goal of this research was to understand whole-body physiological responses in German cockroaches, at the metatranscriptome level, to defined insecticide selection pressures. We used the insecticide indoxacarb as the selecting insecticide, which is an important bait active ingredient for cockroach control. Six generations of selection with indoxacarb bait produced a strain with substantial (>20×) resistance relative to inbred control lines originating from the same parental stock. Metatranscriptome sequencing revealed 1,123 significantly differentially expressed (DE) genes in ≥two of three statistical models (81 upregulated and 1,042 downregulated; FDR P < 0.001; log2FC of ±1). Upregulated DE genes represented many detoxification enzyme families including cytochrome-P450 oxidative enzymes, hydrolases and glutathione-S-transferases. Interestingly, the majority of downregulated DE genes were from microbial and viral origins, indicating that selection for resistance is also associated with elimination of commensal, pathogenic and/or parasitic microbes. These microbial impacts could result from: (i) direct effects of indoxacarb, (ii) indirect effects of antimicrobial preservatives included in the selecting bait matrix, or (iii) selection for general stress response mechanisms that confer both xenobiotic resistance and immunity. These results provide novel physiological insights into insecticide resistance evolution and mechanisms, as well as novel insights into parallel fitness benefits associated with selection for insecticide resistance.

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Parasitic Gregarine blattarum Found Infecting American Cockroaches, Periplaneta americana, in a Population in Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

Characterizing gut fauna of American cockroach: Presence of Lophomonas striata and Iodamoeba bütschlii

Characterizing gut fauna of American cockroach: Presence of Lophomonas striata and Iodamoeba bütschlii

First record of gregarine protists (Apicomplexa: Sporozoa) in Asian fungus-growing termite Macrotermes barneyi (Blattaria: Termitidae)

Transcriptome Responses to Defined Insecticide Selection Pressures in the German Cockroach (Blattella germanica L.)

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