Parasitic Helminths from Exhibited Avian Species Kept in Kinki District in Japan

Abstract

Uchida et al ．［ 1］ and Hasegawa and Asakawa ［ 2 コ isted about 400 helminth species obtained from Japanese birds ， including domestic fowl and experimental hosts， and several cases of helminthiasis 、 including fatal ones 、 have been reported in Japan ［ 3， 4］ ．Among them 、 cases involving captive and ／ or wild avian species kept in zoolog 童 cal gardens or breeding centers were reported ， but since there are very few reports about the cases in captivity L5 −10 ］ 、 it is dif 看cult to provide an epidemiological overview of parasitic diseases of the birds excluding the case of ratites ［ ll］ ． Effective prevention of disease outbreaks needs to be based on such an overview ． Fortunately ． a co − operative pr 〔) ject enable taxonomical studies on the parasitic helminths obtained fJ ℃ m captive avian species kept ln zoologi ⊂al gardens and ／ or exhibition facilities in Kinki Districtin jn western Japan． The occurrence of host pathogenic helminths among them are Cliscussed from epidemiological viewpoint ． MATERIALS ANDMETHODS Parasitic helminths were obtained frorn captive and ／ or wild

A Helminthological Survey of Four Families of Waterfowl (Ardeidae, Rallidae, Scolopacidae and Phalaropodidae) from Hokkaido, Japan

“…Habitat reduction for waterfowl in Hokkaido greatly increases the risk of infectious disease outbreaks, such as fatal helminthiasis (Friend & Franson 1999, Asakawa et al, 2002, Yoshino et al, 2008. Parasitic helminths have been recorded from these waterfowl in Honshu and Kyushu (Uchida et al 1991, Nakamura et al 2003, Sato et al 2005, Uchida et al 2005, and some of them are regarded as important host species of zoonotic helminths (Uchida et al 2005). However, there have been few helminthological surveys performed for the families Ardeidae, Rallidae, Scolopacidae and Phalaropodidae in Hokkaido.…”

“…A total of 32 helminth species were obtained and identified, including 11 nematodes (Capillaria sp., Amidostomum fulicae Rudolphi, 1819, Cyathostoma lari Blanchard, 1849, Cyathostoma microspiculum (Skrjabin, 1915), Contracaecum microcephalum Rudolphi, 1809, Porrocaecum reticulatum Linstow, 1899, Porrocaecum semiteres (Zeder, 1800), Madelinema sp., Tetrameres scolopacis Yamaguti, 1935, Desportesius equispiculatus Wu & Liu, 1943 and Skrjabinoclava horrida (Rudolphi, 1809)), 9 trematodes (Acanthoparyphium charadrii Yamaguti, 1939, Echinoparyphium recurvatum Yamaguti, 1939, Himasthla megacotyla Yamaguti, 1939, Prosthogonimus sp., Levinseniella conicostoma Bridgman, Otagaki, Shitanda & Tada, 1972, Maritrema eroliae Yamaguti, 1939, Spelotrema longicolle Yamaguti, 1939, Allodiplostomum scolopacis Yamaguti, 1935and Apharyngostrigea ardeolina Vidyarthi, 1937, eight cestodes (Diphyllobothrium sp., Ligula (Ohbayashi 1967, Sakamoto & Sarashina 1968, Uchida et al 1991, Aohagi et al 1993, Iwaki & Masuda 1998, Murata et al 1998, Asakawa et al 1999, Nakamura et al 2003, Sato et al 2005, Uchida et al 2005, Yoshino et al 2008. Among the obtained helminth species, A. fulicae, C. lari, C. microspiculum, P. semiteres, Madelinema sp., S. horrida, A. orientalis and P. (P.) malayensis are the first records from Japan, and the other helminths except for Capillaria sp., A. ardeolina, and G. nycticoracis obtained in the present survey are the first local records from Hokkaido.…”

“…Some waterfowl species, especially members of the Ardeidae, are regarded as important host species of zoonotic trematodes, notably Metagonimus yokogawai and Clinostomum complanatum in Honshu and Kyushu (Yamaguti 1933, Saito et al 1977, Kagei et al 1988, Aohagi et al 1993, Sato et al 2005, Uchida et al 2005. Although these trematodes are the most common zoonotic helminths in Japan, and M. yokogawai has been previously reported from Milvus migrans, Vulpes vulpes and Nyctereutes procyonoides in Hokkaido (Miyamoto 1985), were not found in the present survey.…”

The Digenean <i>Clinostomum complanatum</i> Found from Great Cormorant <i>Phalacrocorax carbo</i> in Japan

“…In Japan, only one species, C. complanatum has been reported, and grey heron Ardea cinerea, great egret Ardea alba, intermediate egret Egretta intermedia, little egret Egretta garzetta and night heron Nycticorax nycticorax are known as final hosts (Shogaki, 1935;Kagei et al, 1988;Aohagi et al, 1992bAohagi et al, , 1993bSato et al, 2005;Uchida et al, 2005). Yamaguti (1933) obtained adult C. complanatum from a heron that was experimentally fed with metacercariae obtained from freshwater fish.…”

“…Within genus Clinostomum, only Clinostomum complanatum has been reported from the bird and fish hosts in Japan (Yamaguti, 1933;Shogaki, 1935;Kagei et al, 1988;Aohagi et al, 1992aAohagi et al, , 1992bAohagi et al, , 1993aAohagi et al, , 1993bAohagi et al, , 1995Aohagi and Shibahara, 1994;Sato et al, 2005;Uchida et al, 2005;Nagasawa et al, 2014). However, it is not clear if there is only one species in Japan, because detailed morphological observation or genetic analysis have not been conducted for about 30 years since the finding of adult worms by Kagei et al (1988).…”