Parasitic infections in HIV-infected patients who visited Seoul National University Hospital during the period 1995-2003

Guk, Sang-Mee; Seo, Min; Park, Yun Kyu; Oh, Myoung Don; Choe, Kang Won; Kim, Jae Lip; Choi, Min Ho; Hong, Sung Tae; Chai, Jong Yil

doi:10.3347/kjp.2005.43.1.1

Cited by 60 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, these studies were of smaller sample size. The prevalence of parasitic infections among HIV subjects ranged from 18.4% to 81.8% in different parts of the world [8,9,[16][17][18]. Such a huge difference in the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection may be associated with the different levels of endemicity of such parasites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal parasitic infection among the HIV-infected patients in Nepal

Tiwari

Ghimire

Malla

et al. 2013

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Intestinal parasitic infection has been a significant problem in HIV patients, worldwide. In this study, we aimed to measure the prevalence and identify the factors associated with intestinal parasitic infection in people infected with HIV and attending National Public Health Laboratory in Kathmandu, Nepal, for CD4 T-cell count. Methodology: An analytical cross-sectional study in 745 HIV-infected people attending for CD4 T-cell count was conducted. Results: The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was 22.4% (95% CI 19.5 to 25.5). In univariate analysis, age, sex, longer time since diagnosis of HIV, CD4 T-cell count of <200/µL, diarrhoea, marital status, and being under tuberculosis (TB) treatment were significantly associated with increased odds of intestinal parasite infection. However, in the logistic regression model, only the CD4 T-cell count of <200/µL (adjusted OR=4.2, 95% CI 2.5 to 7.0), diarrhoea (adjusted OR=2.8, 95% CI 1.8 to 4.3) and being under TB treatment (adjusted OR=2.9, 95% CI 1.8 to 4.6) remained as significant predictors. On stratification, CD4 T-cell count of <200/ µL was independently associated with higher odds of protozoal as well as helminthes infection. The parasites Cryptosporidium and Cyclospora were observed only in participants with CD4 T-cell counts <200/µL. Conclusions: Both protozoal and helminthic intestinal parasitic infections are common in HIV-infected people seeking care in healthcare facilities. The poor immune status as indicated by low CD4 T-cell count and TB may account for such a high risk of parasitic infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal parasitic infection among the HIV-infected patients in Nepal

Tiwari

Ghimire

Malla

et al. 2013

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…Cystoisospora belli is often implicated in traveler's diarrhea in travelers to developing countries with high levels of endemicity (2,156,311,313,427). It is more common in AIDS patients (165,230,453), other immunocompromised patients (163,227,266,336,344), and indigenous populations in the United States (291,315). In HIV-infected patients, infection may be characterized by chronic diarrhea, acalculous cholecystitis cholangiopathy, and extraintestinal infection (337,453).…”

Section: Cystoisospora Belli (Formerly Isospora Belli)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enteric Protozoa in the Developed World: a Public Health Perspective

et al. 2012

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SUMMARY Several enteric protozoa cause severe morbidity and mortality in both humans and animals worldwide. In developed settings, enteric protozoa are often ignored as a cause of diarrheal illness due to better hygiene conditions, and as such, very little effort is used toward laboratory diagnosis. Although these protozoa contribute to the high burden of infectious diseases, estimates of their true prevalence are sometimes affected by the lack of sensitive diagnostic techniques to detect them in clinical and environmental specimens. Despite recent advances in the epidemiology, molecular biology, and treatment of protozoan illnesses, gaps in knowledge still exist, requiring further research. There is evidence that climate-related changes will contribute to their burden due to displacement of ecosystems and human and animal populations, increases in atmospheric temperature, flooding and other environmental conditions suitable for transmission, and the need for the reuse of alternative water sources to meet growing population needs. This review discusses the common enteric protozoa from a public health perspective, highlighting their epidemiology, modes of transmission, prevention, and control. It also discusses the potential impact of climate changes on their epidemiology and the issues surrounding waterborne transmission and suggests a multidisciplinary approach to their prevention and control.

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“…Isospora belli infection is seen as an opportunistic infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 2 as well as in patients with lymphoma and leukemia secondary to corticosteroid therapy. [3][4][5] There was a prior report of Isospora infection in a patient on shortterm corticosteroids. 6 Infection is acquired by ingestion of the oocysts present in contaminated materials such as fruits, vegetables, and water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isospora belli superinfection in a patient with eosinophilic gastroenteritis—A diagnostic challenge

Navaneethan

Venkatesh

Downs‐Kelly

et al. 2012

Journal of Crohn's and Colitis

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Isospora belli infection, characterized by peripheral blood eosinophilia, is often seen as an opportunistic infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). It is also reported in patients with underlying lymphoproliferative disorders including lymphoma and leukemia. Eosinophil-associated gastrointestinal disorders (EGID), including eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE), is characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract with various GI symptoms. We report a case of a 50-year-old male who developed Isospora superinfection of the small bowel while receiving systemic corticosteroids for EGE. He presented with worsening diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting with worsening peripheral eosinophilia. I. belli infection was diagnosed by the detection of oocysts in stool samples and by the presence of the parasite on duodenal biopsy in the background of tissue eosinophilia. I. belli can cause severe chronic diarrhea in immunocompromised patients on corticosteroids. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole often provided rapid cure. Even though peripheral blood eosinophilia was seen in both EGE and Isospora infection, the identification of subnuclear protozoal inclusions as a new histologic finding, as well as the absence of this finding in previous duodenal biopsies coupled with the continued presence of tissue eosinophilia, favored a parasitic superinfection in the setting of underlying EGE.

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Parasitic infections in HIV-infected patients who visited Seoul National University Hospital during the period 1995-2003

Cited by 60 publications

References 16 publications

Intestinal parasitic infection among the HIV-infected patients in Nepal

Intestinal parasitic infection among the HIV-infected patients in Nepal

Enteric Protozoa in the Developed World: a Public Health Perspective

Isospora belli superinfection in a patient with eosinophilic gastroenteritis—A diagnostic challenge

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