Parasitization of Spruce Budworm Larvae at Different Crown Heights by Apanteles and Glypta

Jaynes, H. A.

doi:10.1093/jee/47.2.355

Cited by 10 publications

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“…During 1978 and 1979, percentage parasitism by A. fumiferanae was not significantly different among crown levels or host species. This contrasts with the results of Jaynes (1954), Miller (1959), and Dodge (1961), who found A. fumiferanae in significantly greater numbers in the upper crowns. One possible explanation, as mentioned for Glypta, may be that data derived from dissections are more accurate.…”

Section: Crown Level Distribution -Meteorus Trachynotus Percentage Pcontrasting

confidence: 99%

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Distribution of Western Spruce Budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Insect Parasites in the Crowns of Host Trees

Schmid

1981

Can Entomol

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Can. Ent. 113: 1093Ent. 113: -1100Ent. 113: (1981 In greenhouse tests conducted in moist acid mineral soils, propoxur was highly toxic and fast acting as an adulticide against flies of the cabbage maggot, Hylemya brassicae (Boucht), and many other types of adult insects. Some flies in contact with the surface o f treated soil were killed in 30 sec or less. When banded at depths of 1, 3.5, and 7 cm, propoxur moved upward and reached peak toxicity to flies standing on the surface in ca. 5, 20, and 35 days, respectively. Deeper placement of the insecticide resulted in lower levels of peak toxicity.

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Section: Crown Level Distribution -Meteorus Trachynotus Percentage Pcontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…The lack of crown level differences for G . fumiferanae for the early samples agrees with the results of Jaynes (1954) and Miller (1960), who found percentage parasitism of the spruce budworm, C . fumiferanae (Clemens), by this species nearly identical in the upper and lower crowns.…”

Section: Crown Level Distribution -Meteorus Trachynotus Percentage Psupporting

confidence: 90%

Distribution of Western Spruce Budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Insect Parasites in the Crowns of Host Trees

Schmid

1981

Can Entomol

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“…When trees are close together, relatively few dispersing larvae are captured in ground traps or on sticky bands around the base of trunks (Ré gniè re and Fletcher 1983), indicating that ballooning, not walking, is the primary mode of dispersal between trees. While walking, larvae may also be more exposed to natural enemies, in particular two signiÞcant hymenopteran parasitoids, Apanteles fumiferanae (Viereck) and Glypta fumiferanae (Viereck) (Jaynes 1954), that attack neonates during late summer. However, walking also allows larvae to respond more precisely to proximate cues, perhaps increasing the likelihood of encountering favorable overwintering or feeding sites.…”

mentioning

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Ontogeny and Stand Condition Influence the Dispersal Behavior of a Defoliating Specialist Caterpillar

Johns

Eveleigh

2013

env. entom.

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A 4-yr field study was carried out to study the dispersal behavior of young larvae of the eastern spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana Clemens) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) within and between crowns of balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Miller), through the peak to decline of an outbreak. Newly hatched neonates, searching for overwintering sites in the fall, were frequently captured in sticky traps as they dispersed via "ballooning" (on silken threads) between and within tree crowns. A relatively small proportion of neonates were also captured on sticky tapes as they walked down the trunk toward the lower crown, where most larvae overwinter. In the spring, second-instar larvae (L2) searching for feeding sites also ballooned within and between trees, but were also frequently captured on traps on all crown levels as they walked up trunks. Over the course of our study, defoliation in our study trees increased, and current-year shoot availability decreased significantly, perhaps influencing L2 in search of food to disperse more frequently among hosts via ballooning. Results of our study suggest that the foraging priorities of neonates and L2 significantly influence larval dispersal behaviors and that spruce budworm larvae may vary behaviors in response to changing host condition during an outbreak.

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“…and those that attack in the spring (type II). Type I parasitism rates have been shown to vary significantly among crown levels for both western (Dodge 1961) and eastern spruce budworms (Jaynes 1954, Miller 1959). Torgersen and others (1984), Waters and Volney (1982 unpubL), and Schmid (1981) generally found no significant differences in parasitism rates among crown levels for either parasite guild.…”

Section: Table 26--parasitization Rates Recorded In the Literature Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

The western spruce budworm model: structure and content.

Sheehan¹,

Kemp²,

Colbert³

et al. 1989

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In 1977, the United States Department of Agriculture and the Canada Department of the Environment agreed to cooperate in an expanded and accelerated research and development effort, the Canada/United States Spruce Budworms Program (CANUSA), aimed at the spruce budworm in the East and the western spruce budworm in the West. The objective of CANUSA was to design and evaluate strategies for controlling the spruce budworms and managing budworm-susceptible forests, to help forest managers attain their objectives in an economically and environmentally acceptable manner. The work reported in this publication was wholly funded by the Program. This manual is one in a series on the western spruce budworm.

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Parasitization of Spruce Budworm Larvae at Different Crown Heights by Apanteles and Glypta

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Distribution of Western Spruce Budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Insect Parasites in the Crowns of Host Trees

Distribution of Western Spruce Budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Insect Parasites in the Crowns of Host Trees

Ontogeny and Stand Condition Influence the Dispersal Behavior of a Defoliating Specialist Caterpillar

The western spruce budworm model: structure and content.

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