Parasocial interactions and digital characters: the changing landscape of cinema and viewer/character relationships

Sheldon, Zachary; Romanowski, Max; Shafer, Daniel M.

doi:10.1080/15456870.2019.1702550

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…A less significant difference existed between real and CG characters ( p < .001) as well as between CG and hybrid characters ( p < .001). The CGI could feature the actor those who are alive or dead and are capable of enhancing the parasocial interaction and relatability [ 25 ]. The animated character influenced the viewer's attention.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the studies reported in this survey showed a significant difference and the hypothesis generated was accepted, some limitations still exist. The common limitations identified in the studies are short period of time for implementation [ 53 ], smaller sample size [ 27 , 37 ], nongeneralizability [ 25 , 27 , 32 , 39 , 53 ], nonrandomization trials [ 52 ], and no control group and post only group [ 45 ]. Few other studies have reported the possibility of cross-contamination among the control and experimental group [ 33 ], increased dropout of participants before completing the post-test questionnaire [ 52 ], and underestimation of participant's knowledge of expressing words which might directly affect the animation [ 57 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While studying the viewer/character relationships, the PSI (parasocial interaction) scores remained low, which may be due to the cause that it features nonhuman characters in all-CGI conditions. At the same time, the other conditions featured only humans [ 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychological Impact and Influence of Animation on Viewer’s Visual Attention and Cognition: A Systematic Literature Review, Open Challenges, and Future Research Directions

Praveen

Srinivasan

2022

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine

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Animation is an excellent method to associate with the audience in a fun and innovative manner. In recent span, animation has been employed in various fields to enhance knowledge, marketing, advertisement, and age groups from infants to adults. The present communication expounds the systematic review on the impact created by animation on the viewer’s visual attention. For this review, a database such as Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Taylor & Francis, and IEEE Xplore were pursued for publications on the impact of animation on viewer’s visual attention from January 2015 to December 2021. The search results showcased 175 titles with 114 full articles, out of which 35 were related to viewers’ visual attention towards animation. These reviewed studies comprised of physical outcome ( n = 9 ), psychological outcome ( n = 15 ), and cognitive outcome ( n = 11 ) from which the attention-related factors, physical effects, and cognitive effects of animation were assessed. The animation has influenced the viewer’s visual attention through the integration of the different stimuli and the highly organized presentation. Furthermore, the animation has also aided the viewer in attaining greater conceptual understanding, thereby facilitating their cognitive response. As a result, the animation was found to be helpful in enhancing learning skills, food marketing, and teaching strategy. Furthermore, the drawbacks and future recommendations of the studies were elaborated. In addition, challenges and open issues faced during the studies were discussed. Finally, the priority areas in animation identified for promising future directions to visualize large pool data, provide smart communication, and design 3D modeling structures were highlighted.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychological Impact and Influence of Animation on Viewer’s Visual Attention and Cognition: A Systematic Literature Review, Open Challenges, and Future Research Directions

Praveen

Srinivasan

2022

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine

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“…Youn and Jin, 2021)—viewers usually report much stronger parasocial responses toward human than toward animated media personas (Bond and Calvert, 2014; Giles, 2002). Along these lines, a recent study by Sheldon et al (2021) revealed that digitally created movie protagonists elicited significantly weaker PSIs than human characters, further emphasizing the impact of a persona’s ontological nature on viewer engagement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasocial interactions with real and virtual influencers: The role of perceived similarity and human-likeness

Stein

Breves

Anders

2022

New Media & Society

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Digitally created online celebrities (so-called virtual influencers) have appeared on various social media and video streaming platforms. While the scientific community has recently started to take an interest in this new phenomenon, it still remains mostly unclear how online audiences engage with—and relate to—these artificial digital creations. To address the identified research gap, we conducted a preregistered experiment ( N = 179), comparing viewers’ parasocial interactions (PSIs) with either a human or a virtual influencer. Based on natural stimuli, we find that viewers’ parasocial response does not differ significantly between the two groups. However, by focusing on several theoretically relevant mediator variables, we uncover two opposing effects at play: While a significant direct effect signifies stronger PSIs with the virtual influencer, participants also attribute this persona with less mental human-likeness and similarity to themselves—which ultimately suppresses the observed advantage. Potential explanations for our results are discussed.

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Predicting Deepfake Enjoyment: A Machine Learning Perspective

Soto-Sanfiel,

Saha

2024

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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Parasocial interactions and digital characters: the changing landscape of cinema and viewer/character relationships

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

Psychological Impact and Influence of Animation on Viewer’s Visual Attention and Cognition: A Systematic Literature Review, Open Challenges, and Future Research Directions

Psychological Impact and Influence of Animation on Viewer’s Visual Attention and Cognition: A Systematic Literature Review, Open Challenges, and Future Research Directions

Parasocial interactions with real and virtual influencers: The role of perceived similarity and human-likeness

Predicting Deepfake Enjoyment: A Machine Learning Perspective

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