Parasternal sonography of the internal mammary lymphatics in breast cancer: CT correlation

Özdemi̇r, Hakan; Atilla, Serhan; Ilgıt, Erhan; Işık, Sedat

doi:10.1016/0720-048x(94)00575-w

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The remaining majority had simultaneous findings of involved supraclavicular, infraclavicular, and/or axillary nodes, and these three nodal basins were routinely confirmed by FNA. Our study had too few IMN metastases detected on chest CT or PET/CT to compare their sensitivity to that of ultrasound; however, ultrasound has proven to be sensitive and cost-effective in many published studies (18–32). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Clinically Apparent Internal Mammary Nodal Metastasis in Patients With Advanced Breast Cancer: Incidence and Local Control

Zhang

Whitman

et al. 2010

International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics

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Purpose-To investigate the incidence and local control of internal mammary lymph node metastases (IMN+) in patients with clinical N2 or N3 locally advanced breast cancer. Results-We identified 112 of 809 patients who presented with IMN+ disease (13.8%) detected on ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography/CT (PET/CT), and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. All 112 patients with IMN+ disease received anthracycline and taxane-based chemotherapy. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) resulted in a complete response (CR) on imaging studies of IMN disease in 72.1% of patients. Excluding 16 patients with progressive disease, 96 patients received adjuvant radiation to the breast or the chest wall and the regional lymphatics including the IMN chain with a median dose of 60 Gy if the internal mammary lymph nodes normalized after chemotherapy and 66 Gy if they did not. The median follow-up of surviving patients was 41 months (8-118 months). For the 96 patients able to complete curative therapy, the actuarial 5-year IMN control rate, locoregional control, overall survival, and disease-free survival were 89%, 80%, 76%, and 56%. Methods and Materials-WeConclusion-Over ten percent of patients with advanced nodal disease will have IMN metastases on imaging studies. Multimodality therapy including IMN irradiation achieves excellent rates of control in the IMN region and a DFS of more than 50% after curative treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Clinically Apparent Internal Mammary Nodal Metastasis in Patients With Advanced Breast Cancer: Incidence and Local Control

Zhang

Whitman

et al. 2010

International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics

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“…Disease was also assessed as unilateral, bilateral, unifocal, multifocal, or multicentric in all patients. US assessment of the regional lymph node basins, including the axillary, infraclavicular, internal mammary, and supraclavicular regions, is routinely performed in our institution and was documented according to previously published criteria (24)(25)(26).…”

Section: Implication For Patientmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of 29 tumors scanned with US, 26 demonstrated masses that were typically irregular, hypoechoic, and hypervascular, with indistinct margins or echogenic boundaries, and three showed diffuse parenchymal distortion. Ⅲ…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Breast Lymphoma: Imaging Findings of 32 Tumors in 27 Patients

et al. 2007

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“…However, US imaging of the IMC is labor-intensive, operator dependent and no hard evidence favoring it can be found in the literature [11,29]. Furthermore, research has shown US is not suited to differentiate between >3 or ≤3 axillary tumor-positive axillary nodes and that it is body composition dependent [7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid 18F–FDG PET/MRI might improve locoregional staging of breast cancer patients prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Goorts

Vöö

Nijnatten

et al. 2017

Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging

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Purpose Our purpose in this study was to assess the added clinical value of hybrid 18 F-FDG-PET/MRI compared to conventional imaging for locoregional staging in breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Methods In this prospective study, primary invasive cT2-4 N0 or cT1-4 N+ breast cancer patients undergoing NAC were included. A PET/MRI breast protocol was performed before treatment. MR images were evaluated by a breast radiologist, blinded for PET images. PET images were evaluated by a nuclear physician. Afterwards, a combined PET/MRI report was written. PET/MRI staging was compared to conventional imaging, i.e., mammography, ultrasound and MRI. The proportion of patients with a modified treatment plan based on PET/MRI findings was analyzed.Results A total of 40 patients was included. PET/MRI was of added clinical value in 20.0% (8/40) of patients, changing the treatment plan in 10% and confirming the malignancy of suspicious lesions on MRI in another 10%. In seven (17.5%) patients radiotherapy fields were extended because of additional or affirmative PET/MRI findings being lymph node metastases (n = 5) and sternal bone metastases (n = 2). In one (2.5%) patient radiotherapy fields were reduced because of fewer lymph node metastases on PET/MRI compared to conventional imaging. Interestingly, all treatment changes were based on differences in number of lymph nodes suspicious for metastasis or number of distant metastasis, whereas differences in intramammary tumor extent were not observed. Conclusion Prior to NAC, PET/MRI shows promising results for locoregional staging compared to conventional imaging, changing the treatment plan in 10% of patients and potentially replacing PET/CT or tissue sampling in another 10% of patients.

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Parasternal sonography of the internal mammary lymphatics in breast cancer: CT correlation

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

Clinically Apparent Internal Mammary Nodal Metastasis in Patients With Advanced Breast Cancer: Incidence and Local Control

Clinically Apparent Internal Mammary Nodal Metastasis in Patients With Advanced Breast Cancer: Incidence and Local Control

Breast Lymphoma: Imaging Findings of 32 Tumors in 27 Patients

Hybrid 18F–FDG PET/MRI might improve locoregional staging of breast cancer patients prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy

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