The imaging findings reported in this study should alert the radiologist to a possible diagnosis of breast lymphoma.

The extent of calcifications on mammography following NAC does not correlate with the extent of residual disease in up to 22 % of women; this information may impact surgical planning in subsets of women with breast cancer.

Sonography is the imaging modality of choice for the scrotum because it is simple, relatively inexpensive, and quick. Recent technological advances and transducer improvements have led to exquisite high-resolution detail in gray-scale as well as Doppler imaging. The purposes of this pictorial essay are to review the anatomy and embryology of the scrotal contents and to review the various scrotal and extrascrotal pathologic conditions, including acute scrotum, pediatric and adult testicular and extratesticular scrotal neoplasms, traumatic lesions, and miscellaneous other scrotal lesions.

Breast radiologists are increasingly seeing patients with axillary adenopathy related to COVID-19 vaccination. Vaccination can cause levels I–III axillary as well as cervical lymphadenopathy. Appropriate management of vaccine-related adenopathy may vary depending on clinical context. In patients with current or past history of malignancy, vaccine-related adenopathy can be indistinguishable from nodal metastasis. This article presents imaging findings of oncology patients with adenopathy seen in the axilla or neck on cross-sectional imaging (breast MRI, CT, or PET-CT) after COVID-19 vaccination. Management approach and rationale is discussed, along with consideration on strategies to minimize false positives in vaccinated cancer patients. Time interval between vaccination and adenopathy seen on breast MRI, CT, or PET-CT is also reported.

Introduction: Among 48,835 postmenopausal women randomized in the Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification (WHI DM) primary prevention trial, 1,767 women were diagnosed with breast cancer during the 8.3 years of dietary intervention. While differences were not statistically significant, there were fewer breast cancers diagnosed in the low fat dietary group women (HR 0.92 95% CI 0.84-1.01, P=0.09) with somewhat lower breast cancer mortality (HR 0.77 95% CI 0.48-1.22) than seen in control group women (JAMA 2006; 295:629). These findings were recently updated, and after 10.9 years (mean) post-diagnosis follow-up, breast cancer overall survival among these 1,767 women measured from diagnosis was greater in the dietary group (10 year survival, 82% vs 78%, 168 (2.24%) versus 319 (2.71%) deaths; HR 0.80 95% CI 0.66-0.97, P=0.02) (AACR Annual Meeting 2016, abstract CT0433, Clinical Trials Plenary Session). We now report low-fat dietary pattern influence on breast cancer overall survival in subgroups defined by breast cancer characteristics. Methods: The WHI DM trial, conducted at 40 US clinical centers, from1993-1998 enrolled 48,835 postmenopausal women, aged 50-79, without prior breast cancer, with normal mammogram and dietary fat intake >32% of total energy. Participants were randomly assigned to a dietary intervention group (40%, n=19,541) with goals of fat intake reduction to 20% of energy and increased fruits, vegetables and grain intake, or a usual diet control group (60%, n=29,294). As previously reported, the dietary modification program reduced fat intake, increased fruit, vegetable and grain intake and was associated with modest weight loss (all P< 0.001). The current secondary analysis outcome is breast cancer overall survival in subgroups defined by breast cancer characteristics for cases diagnosed during the dietary intervention period. Because of possible selection prior to breast cancer diagnosis, these analyses do not compare randomized outcomes. Therefore, careful attention is paid to control of risk factors for breast cancer in the analysis. Results: The examined subgroups included histology (ductal, lobular, other), estrogen receptor (ER) status (positive vs. negative by local laboratory), progesterone receptor (PR) status, HER2 status, triple negative (yes/no), stage (local, regional or distant), grade (well, moderately, poorly differentiated), tumor size (<1, 1- 2, >=2 cm), and nodal involvement (none, 1-3, 4+). None of the tests of interaction in subgroups were statistically significant. All subgroup hazard ratios (HR) were less than one except for ER negative cancers, triple negative cancers and those with 4+ positive lymph nodes. The results are suggestive of no influence of the low-fat dietary pattern on triple negative cancers (HR 1.64 95% CI 0.73-3.70 for triple negative vs. HR 0.73 95% CI 0.56-0.95 for other breast cancers, interaction P=0.06). Conclusion: Compared to a usual diet control group, women randomized to a dietary intervention group providing a low-fat dietary pattern had a significantly increased overall survival following a breast cancer diagnosis with the possible exception of those developing triple negative cancers. Citation Format: Chlebowski RT, Aragaki AK, Thomson CA, Anderson G, Manson JE, Simon MS, Rohan TE, Snetselar LG, Lane D, Barrington WE, Vitolins M, Womack C, Qi L, Hou L, Thomas F, Prentice RL. Low-fat dietary pattern and breast cancer overall survival in the women's health initiative dietary modification randomized controlled trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr S5-04.