Paravertebral High Cervical Chordoma

Abstract

SUMMARY -

Disease Activity in Graves' Ophthalmopathy: Diagnosis with Orbital MR Imaging and Correlation with Clinical Score

“…Imaging is always required in doubtful cases, such as asymmetrical orbital involvement, to exclude any other pathology, the clinical suspicion of optic nerve involvement in GO and to plan orbital decompression 13,28 . MRI is able to differentiate the two activity states, demonstrating interstitial oedema on coronal TIRM sequences within the extraocular muscles in active disease: It is therefore the modality of choice to identify active inflammatory changes and to assess treatment response, additionally thanks to its lack of ionizing radiation 13 .…”

Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging features of cervical chordoma

“…However, a number of stripes may be identified in chordoma on magnetic resonance T2-weighted images ( 18 ). Furthermore, the location of the paravertebral tumor mass lateral and anterior to the vertebral body was not indicative of a tumor of nerve root origin ( 27 ). Tumor extension into the transverse foramina has not been reported in nerve sheath tumor ( 28 ).…”

“…Tumor extension into the transverse foramina has not been reported in nerve sheath tumor ( 28 ). Chondrosarcoma exhibits similar MRI features with respect to chordoma, although it involves the neural arch more frequently than the vertebral body and the chondroid matrix is often evident as characteristic rings and arcs ( 27 ). Osteosarcoma may also demonstrate lytic-sclerotic destruction, but soft tissue mass of osteosarcoma often contains amorphous, cloud-like immature bone ( 11 ).…”

Coexistence of Cavernous Hemangioma and Other Vascular Malformations of the Orbit

“…However, we consider this circumstance is not uncommon and that radiologists should carefully inspect the other orbit for possible concomitant lesions. These cases should be evaluated initially with noninvasive imaging studies, particularly MR with angiographic and dynamic techniques 31,36 . Conventional angiography is generally warranted only when no structural cause is identified in symptomatic patients or when alteration of blood flow dynamics is suspected and further characterization is necessary.…”