ParB of<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>: Interactions with Its Partner ParA and Its Target<i>parS</i>and Specific Effects on Bacterial Growth

Bartosik, Aneta Agnieszka; Lasocki, Krzysztof; Mierzejewska, Jolanta; Thomas, Christopher M.; Jagura-Burdzy, Grażyna

doi:10.1128/jb.186.20.6983-6998.2004

Cited by 92 publications

(229 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…As in Streptomyces, the parAB genes of B. subtilis, a spore-forming organism, are organized as a bicistronic operon, but they are transcribed from a single promoter. In the other organisms studied so far (C. crescentus, P. aeruginosa and P. putida), parAB genes are, as in mycobacteria, not independently expressed, but are part of the gidAB operon (Bartosik et al, 2004). Thus, comparison of parAB gene expression among different bacteria suggests that their mode of expression seems to be closely coupled with life cycle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2, lane 4). In the presence of an inducer (0.4 % acetamide), the ParB (Bartosik & Jagura-Burdzy, 2005;Bartosik et al, 2004;Kim et al, 2000). (b) Transcriptional analysis of the M. smegmatis rpmH-parB region by RT-PCR.…”

Section: Lack or Excess Of Parb Protein Causes Growth Inhibition Of Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Bartosik et al, 2004;Godfrin-Estevenon et al, 2002;Lewis et al, 2002), and Streptomyces coelicolor (Jakimowicz et al, 2002;Kim et al, 2000). Homologues of ParAB proteins are encoded in most bacterial chromosomes (the E. coli chromosome is one of the few exceptions) (Bartosik & Jagura-Burdzy, 2005;Bignell & Thomas, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of the mycobacterial chromosome segregation protein ParB and identification of its target in Mycobacterium smegmatis

et al. 2007

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Bacterial chromosomes (though not Escherichia coli and some other c-proteobacterial chromosomes) contain parS sequences and parAB genes encoding partitioning proteins, i.e. ParA (ATPase) and ParB (DNA-binding proteins) that are components of the segregation machinery. Here, mycobacterial parABS elements were characterized for the first time. parAB genes are not essential in Mycobacterium smegmatis; however, elimination or overexpression of ParB protein causes growth inhibition. Deletion of parB also leads to a rather severe chromosome segregation defect: up to 10 % of the cells were anucleate. Mycobacterial ParB protein uses three oriC-proximal parS sequences as targets to organize the origin region into a compact nucleoprotein complex. Formation of such a complex involves ParB-ParB interactions and is assisted by ParA protein. INTRODUCTIONTuberculosis (TB) is the world's most common disease caused by an infectious organism, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (DeAngelis & Flanagin, 2005; and see http:// www.who.int/topics/tuberculosis/en/). Due to the spread of multi-drug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis and a synergy with HIV, the TB epidemic is growing and becoming more dangerous in both developing and industrialized countries. A unique feature of M. tuberculosis is its ability to maintain a dormant, non-replicating state for extended periods of time under unfavourable conditions. The mechanism (or mechanisms) by which this bacterium shifts to a dormant state and reverts to active growth is not well understood (Hampshire et al., 2004;Gó mez & Smith, 2000;Wayne & Hayes, 1996: Wayne & Sohaskey, 2001. Knowledge regarding the steps of the mycobacterial cell cycle (replication, chromosome segregation and cell division) seems to be critical for understanding the mechanisms that are responsible for the transition from an active to a non-replicative persistent state (and vice versa) of pathogenic mycobacteria, particularly M. tuberculosis. While initiation of chromosome replication Qin et al., 1999;Rajagopalan et al., 1995;Zawilak et al., 2004) and cell division (FtsZ ring formation) (Chauhan et al., 2006; Dziadek et al., 2002Dziadek et al., , 2003Huang et al., 2007;Rajagopalan et al., 2005) are relatively well studied in mycobacteria, nothing is known about the segregation of chromosomes in these bacteria.Bacterial chromosome segregation has been recently found to be an active and complex process closely coupled with replication (see Bartosik & Jagura-Burdzy, 2005;Errington et al., 2005;Hayes & Barilla, 2006; Leonard et al., 2005 for reviews). In bacteria studied to date, the newly synthesized origin (oriC) regions undergo a symmetric or asymmetric segregation process; two copies of the duplicated oriC regions migrate from the cell centre toward opposite cell poles, i.e. to the 1/4 and 3/4 positions (Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Vibro cholerae chromosome II), or one copy of the newly synthesized origins remains at the pole while the other copy migrates to the opposite pole Abbreviations: EMSA, electrophoretic mo...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lack or Excess Of Parb Protein Causes Growth Inhibition Of Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of the mycobacterial chromosome segregation protein ParB and identification of its target in Mycobacterium smegmatis

et al. 2007

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“…At present, their exact function is still unclear. It was, however, demonstrated that ParB interacts with conserved binding sites which are clustered in the origin-proximal region Easter and Gober, 2002;Bartosik et al, 2004] and that both proteins are necessary for proper chromosome segregation [Glaser et al, 1997;Mohl and Gober, 1997;Marston and Errington, 1999;Kim et al, 2000;Lewis et al, 2002]. With the exception of C. crescentus, however, deletion of parA or parB is not lethal and only results in mild growth phenotypes, which might imply redundancy in the systems that control positioning of the chromosome.…”

Section: Chromosome Segregationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The bacterial nucleoid: A highly organized and dynamic structure

Thanbichler

Wang

Shapiro

2005

J of Cellular Biochemistry

122

101

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Recent advances in bacterial cell biology have revealed unanticipated structural and functional complexity, reminiscent of eukaryotic cells. Particular progress has been made in understanding the structure, replication, and segregation of the bacterial chromosome. It emerged that multiple mechanisms cooperate to establish a dynamic assembly of supercoiled domains, which are stacked in consecutive order to adopt a defined higher-level organization. The position of genetic loci on the chromosome is thereby linearly correlated with their position in the cell. SMC complexes and histone-like proteins continuously remodel the nucleoid to reconcile chromatin compaction with DNA replication and gene regulation. Moreover, active transport processes ensure the efficient segregation of sister chromosomes and the faithful restoration of nucleoid organization while DNA replication and condensation are in progress.

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“…Several previous studies have introduced chromosomal parABS loci into an unstable derivative of the F plasmid to test their functionality in a heterologous host, Escherichia coli (11,(28)(29)(30)(31). To perform parallel experiments, we defined ParB2-binding sites (parS2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

par genes and the pathology of chromosome loss in Vibrio cholerae

Yamaichi¹,

Fogel

Waldor

2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

107

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The causes and consequences of chromosome loss in bacteria with multiple chromosomes are unknown. Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the severe diarrheal disease cholera, has two circular chromosomes. Like many other bacterial chromosomes, both V. cholerae chromosomes contain homologues of plasmid partitioning (par) genes. In plasmids, par genes act to segregate plasmid molecules to daughter cells and thereby ensure plasmid maintenance; however, the contribution of par genes to chromosome segregation is not clear. Here, we show that the chromosome II parAB2 genes are essential for the segregation of chromosome II but not chromosome I. In a parAB2 deletion mutant, chromosome II is mislocalized and frequently fails to segregate, yielding cells with only chromosome I. These cells divide once; their progeny are not viable. Instead, chromosome II-deficient cells undergo dramatic cell enlargement, nucleoid condensation and degradation, and loss of membrane integrity. The highly consistent nature of these cytologic changes suggests that prokaryotes, like eukaryotes, may possess characteristic death pathways.chromosome segregation ͉ parA ͉ parB ͉ apoptosis

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ParB ofPseudomonas aeruginosa: Interactions with Its Partner ParA and Its TargetparSand Specific Effects on Bacterial Growth

Cited by 92 publications

References 53 publications

Characterization of the mycobacterial chromosome segregation protein ParB and identification of its target in Mycobacterium smegmatis

Characterization of the mycobacterial chromosome segregation protein ParB and identification of its target in Mycobacterium smegmatis

The bacterial nucleoid: A highly organized and dynamic structure

par genes and the pathology of chromosome loss in Vibrio cholerae

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