Parenchymal and Vascular Lesions in Ageing Equine Brains: Histological and Immunohistochemical Studies

Capucchio, M.T.; Márquez, M.; Pregel, Paola; Foradada, Laia; Huerta-Bravo, Maximino; Mattutino, Grazia; Torre, Carlo; Schiffer, D; Catalano, D; Valenza, F.; Guarda, F.; Pumarola, M.

doi:10.1016/j.jcpa.2009.07.007

Cited by 32 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The sub-ependymal rosettes observed in the current case resembled those described in human neuropathology, which may be attributed to a reaction to irritating nonspecific insults such as trauma, inflammatory processes, or imbalance in cerebrospinal fluid pressure [19]. A previous study [16] reported similar but smaller subependymal nodules in adult and old horses, mostly close to the lateral References ventricles or the mesencephalic aqueduct. However, those nodules were always associated with irregularities of ependymal surface.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…However, those nodules were always associated with irregularities of ependymal surface. No similar lesions were described in control animals (5 horses aged 3 months-5 years) [16]. The multifocal areas of ependymal/subependymal proliferation observed in the present case have never been reported in a horse, to the authors' knowledge.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…The brains from 2 adult horses without any neuropathological conditions from our department's archive were also stained with the above-cited IHC antibodies and staining protocols and were used as controls. Furthermore, all brain lesions were compared with age-related lesions of old horses [16] from our archives.…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subependymal Reaction Secondary to Choroid Plexus Papilloma in a Horse

Rocha

Bertuglia

Biasibetti

et al. 2014

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

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Choroid plexus papilloma (CPP) is a rare, benign, intracranial neoplasm. The present report described a choroid plexus papilloma of the fourth ventricle with unusual proliferative reaction of ependymal/subependymal cells in a stallion. A single, soft neoformation, red-gray in color, with an irregular surface, resembling a cauliflower, expanding from the fourth ventricle to the cerebellar peduncles was observed. Microscopically, the neoformation was composed of a single layer of simple cuboidal to columnar epithelium with a wellvascularized papillary-arboriform pattern. Multifocal subependymal aggregates forming rosettes were observed near the mesencephalic aqueduct (MA). Glial-fibrillary-acidic-protein (GFAP) was markedly positive only in the neutrophil adjacent to the proliferative areas of the MA. Ependymal/subependymal reactions secondary to CPP have never been described in equine or human neuropathology. The capabilities of ependymal cells to regenerate and eventually proliferate are controversial and unclear and, thus, require additional investigation to understand the adaptive mechanisms of this rare pathogenic condition.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

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Subependymal Reaction Secondary to Choroid Plexus Papilloma in a Horse

Rocha

Bertuglia

Biasibetti

et al. 2014

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

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“…23 Neuronal lipofuscinosis was found in the brain of 57 horses aged between 11 and 23 years, but was not found in 3 horses aged 8-10 years old or in 5 young horses age 3 months to 5 years. 23 The pigment was present mainly in the large cortical neurons and numerous neurons of the brainstem nuclei (nucleus vestibularis, formatio reticularis of the pons, nucleus tractus spinalis nervus trigemini, nucleus parasympathicus nervus vagi, and rubber nucleus). Lipofuscin was present mainly in the perikaryon, between the nucleus and the axon hillock; the lipofuscin deposits increased significantly with age.…”

Section: Neuronal Lesionsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…23 Same neurons stained negative for hyperphosphorylated Tau AT8 and no NFT detected by the Gallyas silver stain. The authors hypothesized that an age-dependent axonal transport deficiencies in the hippocampal neurons might led to accumulation of non phosphoryled-S202 tau without the formation of typical NFT.…”

Section: Neuronal Lesionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathology of the Aging Brain in Domestic and Laboratory Animals, and Animal Models of Human Neurodegenerative Diseases

et al. 2016

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According to the WHO, the proportion of people over 60 years is increasing and expected to reach 22% of total world's population in 2050. In parallel, recent animal demographic studies have shown that the life expectancy of pet dogs and cats is increasing. Brain aging is associated not only with molecular and morphological changes but also leads to different degrees of behavioral and cognitive dysfunction. Common age-related brain lesions in humans include brain atrophy, neuronal loss, amyloid plaques, cerebrovascular amyloid angiopathy, vascular mineralization, neurofibrillary tangles, meningeal osseous metaplasia, and accumulation of lipofuscin. In aging humans, the most common neurodegenerative disorder is Alzheimer's disease (AD), which progressively impairs cognition, behavior, and quality of life. Pathologic changes comparable to the lesions of AD are described in several other animal species, although their clinical significance and effect on cognitive function are poorly documented. This review describes the commonly reported age-associated neurologic lesions in domestic and laboratory animals and the relationship of these lesions to cognitive dysfunction. Also described are the comparative interspecies similarities and differences to AD and other human neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy, and the spontaneous and transgenic animal models of these diseases.

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Naturally occurring histological findings and Alzheimer's‐like pathology in the brain of aging African green monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus)

Corey

Illanes

Lawrence

et al. 2023

J of Comparative Neurology

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Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are important to study the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disease and evaluate therapies targeting the central nervous system (CNS). Understanding the age-associated incidence of natural CNS pathology in a given NHP species is critical to assess the safety of potential treatments for neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD). We describe background and age-related neuropathology in the St. Kitts African green monkey (AGM), a recognized translational model for neurodegenerative research, additionally defining the age progression of AD-associated neuropathology in this species. Seventy-one AGM brains were examined, representing age groups of 3-6 years (n = 20), 7-9 years (n = 20), 10-15 years (n = 20), and >15 years (n = 11). A subset of brains (n = 31) was assessed immunohistochemically for AD-related pathology, including expressions of Aβ, tau, and GFAP. Age-related microscopic findings included hemosiderosis, spheroid formation, neuronal lipofuscinosis and neuromelanosis, white matter and neuropil vacuolation, astrocytosis, and focal microgliosis. Non-age-related findings included perivascular ceroid-laden macrophages, meningeal melanosis, and vascular mineralization. Immunohistochemistry revealed 4G8-immunopositive Aβ plaques and vascular deposits in the prefrontal, frontal, cingulate, and temporal cortices of nine animals over 15 years of age, with associated increase in GFAP expression. In 12 animals, 11 over the age of 10 years, phosphorylated tau CP13-immunoreactive neurons, neuropil, and oligodendrocyte-like cells were seen in the prefrontal, frontal, cingulate, orbital, temporal, and entorhinal cortices as well as the hippocampus; no neurofibrillary tangles were observed. AD-related pathology showed an age-related development in cognitive-associated areas in the AGM, highlighting the value of the AGM as a natural model for these neurodegenerative diseases.

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Parenchymal and Vascular Lesions in Ageing Equine Brains: Histological and Immunohistochemical Studies

Cited by 32 publications

References 47 publications

Subependymal Reaction Secondary to Choroid Plexus Papilloma in a Horse

Subependymal Reaction Secondary to Choroid Plexus Papilloma in a Horse

Pathology of the Aging Brain in Domestic and Laboratory Animals, and Animal Models of Human Neurodegenerative Diseases

Naturally occurring histological findings and Alzheimer's‐like pathology in the brain of aging African green monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus)

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