Meaning plays an important role in many people's lives and work. A significant source of meaning derives from a greater sense of fulfilling one's calling, or purpose in work. This study examined the specific life experiences that shape people's perceptions of their calling and the characteristics of those experiences that make them so powerful. Fifty-eight people who self-identified as leaders responded to a questionnaire about the relevant experiences that shaped their perceptions of their work as a calling. Participants' responses were contentanalyzed to generate a taxonomy of themes in 4 overarching categories: (a) content of the event, (b) context of the event, (c) confirmation of one's call, and (d) the continuing effect that the event has had on the individual's life. By increasing knowledge about events that affect perceptions about one's calling, counselors may be more equipped to shed light on the potential, unexamined trajectories of a client's work and life.Keywords: calling, critical events, meaning, purpose, vocation "Man's search for meaning is the primary motivation in his life." (Frankl, 2006, p. 99).Meaning plays an important role in human life and, when attributed to work, has the potential for positive outcomes (Duffy & Sedlacek, 2007;Wrzesniewski, McCauley, Rozin, & Schwartz, 1997). For some individuals, a significant source of meaning is their calling in life because it provides a greater sense of purpose. Although important events, people, and beliefs may come together to shape a calling, little is known about the details of how people hear and understand a calling in their lives.With more information about the events and episodes that shape a sense of calling, we may learn how to assist people in experiencing meaning in their lives and help others interpret instinctual feelings that may be an indication of something they should do in the world. Our study aimed to increase the understanding of the specific episodes and events that shape the calling that people perceive and to present a model for understanding the combination of factors that explain these experiences.
Definitions of CallingOriginally used solely in a religious context, the term calling has been defined in a variety of ways and is currently found both in religious and secular settings (Bunderson & Thompson, 2009;Hardy, 1990;Placher, 2005). Around the time of the Protestant Reformation, God was specifically identified as the source of a calling (Hardy, 1990;Placher, 2005 The definition for vocation is almost identical, except the first component of a transcendent summons is not included. For many people, this summons is from God. Although they may not be able to pinpoint God actually speaking to them directly, a variety of things make these callings significant in each of their lives.
Calling RelationshipsHuman beings naturally seek meaning and purpose (Dreher et al., 2007;Frankl, 2006 (Duffy, Dik, & Steger, 2011), and work engagement (Hirschi, 2012). Additionally, those with a higher sense of calling are less likely to endure...