Parental Age-Related Risk of Retinoblastoma in Iranian Children

Saremi, Leila; Imani, Saber; Rostaminia, Maryam; Nadeali, Zakiye

doi:10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.6.2847

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Parental influence. The risk of sporadic retinoblastoma increases with parental and especially maternal age (Moll et al, 1996;Saremi et al, 2014;Yip et al, 2006), although not consistently (Heck et al, 2012), and with maternal active smoking during pregnancy (Azary et al, 2016).…”

Section: Predisposing Factors For Sporadic Retinoblastomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservative management of retinoblastoma: Challenging orthodoxy without compromising the state of metastatic grace. “Alive, with good vision and no comorbidity”

Munier

Beck‐Popovic

Chantada

et al. 2019

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

164

157

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Retinoblastoma is lethal by metastasis if left untreated, so the primary goal of therapy is to preserve life, with ocular survival, visual preservation and quality of life as secondary aims. Historically, enucleation was the first successful therapeutic approach to decrease mortality, followed over 100 years ago by the first eye salvage attempts with radiotherapy. This led to the empiric delineation of a window for conservative management subject to a "state of metastatic grace" never to be violated. Over the last two decades, conservative management of retinoblastoma witnessed an impressive acceleration of improvements, culminating in two major paradigm shifts in therapeutic strategy. Firstly, the introduction of systemic chemotherapy and focal treatments in the late 1990s enabled radiotherapy to be progressively abandoned. Around 10 years later, the advent of chemotherapy in situ, with the capitalization of new routes of targeted drug delivery, namely intra-arterial, intravitreal and now intracameral injections, allowed significant increase in eye preservation rate, definitive eradication of radiotherapy and reduction of systemic chemotherapy. Here we intend to review the relevant knowledge susceptible to improve the conservative management of retinoblastoma in compliance with the "state of metastatic grace", with particular attention to (i) reviewing how new imaging modalities impact the frontiers of conservative management, (ii) dissecting retinoblastoma genesis, growth patterns, and intraocular routes of tumor propagation, (iii) assessing major therapeutic changes and trends, (iv) proposing a classification of relapsing retinoblastoma, (v) examining treatable/preventable disease-related or treatment-induced complications, and (vi) appraising new therapeutic targets and concepts, as well as liquid biopsy potentiality.

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Section: Predisposing Factors For Sporadic Retinoblastomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservative management of retinoblastoma: Challenging orthodoxy without compromising the state of metastatic grace. “Alive, with good vision and no comorbidity”

Munier

Beck‐Popovic

Chantada

et al. 2019

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

164

157

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Also, about 90% of Rb cases occur due to germline mutation in the RB1 gene. A strong association between germline mutation and paternal age has been demonstrated by Leila Saremi et al (Saremi et al, 2014). This suggests a higher incidence of childhood cancer including retinoblastoma among children of older parents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Tobacco Use Increases Oxidative DNA Damage in Sperm - Possible Etiology of Childhood Cancer

Kumar

Chawla²,

Bisht³

et al. 2015

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Background: Cigarette smoking and tobacco chewing are common modes of consuming tobacco all over the world. Parents need to be aware that germ cell integrity is vital for birth of healthy offspring as biological parenting begins much before birth of a child and even before conception. The present study was conducted to determine the etiology of non-familial sporadic heritable retinoblastoma (NFSHRb), by evaluating oxidative sperm DNA damage in fathers due to use of tobacco (smoking and chewing). Materials and Methods: We recruited 145 fathers of NFSHRb children and 53 fathers of healthy children (controls) in the study. Tobacco history was obtained by personal interview. Seminal reactive oxygen species (ROS) in semen, sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) and 8 hydroxy 2' deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels in sperm were evaluated. The RB1 gene was screened in genomic blood DNA of parents of children with NFSHRb and controls. Odds ratios (ORs) derived from conditional logistic regression models. Results: There was significant difference in the levels of ROS (p<0.05), DFI (p<0.05) and 8-OHdG (p<0.05) between tobacco users and non-users. The OR of NFSHRb for smokers was 7.29 (95%CI 2.9-34.5, p<0.01), for tobacco chewers 4.75 (2.07-10.9, p<0.05) and for both 9.11 (3.79-39.2; p<0.01). Conclusions: This study emphasizes the adverse effect of tobacco on the paternal genome and how accumulation of oxidative damage in sperm DNA may contribute to the etiology of NFSHRb. In an ongoing parallel study in our laboratory, 11 of fathers who smoked underwent. Meditation and yoga interventions, showed significant decline in levels of highly mutagenic oxidised DNA adducts after 6 months. Thus our lifestyle and social habits impact sperm DNA integrity and simple interventions like yoga and meditation are therapeutic for oxidative damage to sperm DNA.

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“…There are also a number of characteristics of the mother that have been suggested to be associated with childhood cancer risk and potentially confound the effect of parental age. Such factors include smoking in pregnancy, high birth weight, history of spontaneous abortions and poorer diet and alcohol in pregnancy [21][22][23][24]. Use of assisted reproductive technology, which increases with maternal age, has been postulated to elevate the cancer risk in offspring conceived by these means [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental age and retinoblastoma—a retrospective study of demographic data and genetic analysis

Tanwar

Balaji²,

Vanniarajan³

et al. 2021

Eye

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To determine the association between the parental age gap and the absolute parental age with the risk of retinoblastoma (RB) development in an offspring. METHODS: RB individuals diagnosed between March 2013 and December 2019 in a single tertiary eye care centre were included. We recorded the demographic data, parental age and RB1 gene mutation status in the patient's tumour, blood and the parental blood. We categorised RB1 mutation inheritance as sporadic RB with somatic mutations (only present in tumour), heritable RB with de novo (present in patient's blood) and familial (present in patient and parents' blood) germline mutations. The statistical significance was confirmed by Fisher's exact/Chi-square test. RESULTS: Out of 259 RB patients, 247 were included in our study. Heritable RB with de novo germline mutations was significantly less common (p value: 0.0387; 95% CI: 0.2676-0.9329) and sporadic RB with somatic mutations was more common (p value: 0.0545; 95% CI: 1.025-3.39), if the parental age gap was <10 years. There were increased odds of a heritable RB with de novo germline mutation with an increase in paternal age and this was more intensified when combined with parental age gap of more than ≥10 years. The heritable RB with de novo germline mutations significantly increased as maternal age progressed, only when it was adjusted to ≥10 years parental age gap (p value: 0.0262; 95% CI: 1.26-17.91). CONCLUSIONS: An increased parental age gap and increased paternal age are independent risk factors for the development of heritable RB with de novo germline mutation.

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Parental Age-Related Risk of Retinoblastoma in Iranian Children

Cited by 9 publications

References 19 publications

Conservative management of retinoblastoma: Challenging orthodoxy without compromising the state of metastatic grace. “Alive, with good vision and no comorbidity”

Conservative management of retinoblastoma: Challenging orthodoxy without compromising the state of metastatic grace. “Alive, with good vision and no comorbidity”

Tobacco Use Increases Oxidative DNA Damage in Sperm - Possible Etiology of Childhood Cancer

Parental age and retinoblastoma—a retrospective study of demographic data and genetic analysis

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