Parental competitive victimhood and interethnic discrimination among their children: The mediating role of ethnic socialization and symbolic threat to the in‐group

Štambuk, Marina; Taylor, Laura K.; Löw, Ajana; Biruški, Dinka Čorkalo; Merrilees, Christine E.; Ajduković, Dean; Cummings, E. Mark

doi:10.1111/bjso.12321

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Although families are important contexts for children’s understanding of racism and xenophobia globally, we identified only three empirical studies outside of the U.S. that focused on the explicit content of family ethnic–racial socialization and interethnic–interracial processes specifically (Štambuk et al, 2020; Taylor & McKeown, 2019; van Bergen et al, 2017). In one of these studies, van Bergen et al (2017) investigated the relation between parent ethnic–racial socialization and intergroup attitudes between ethnic majority Dutch (white, Christian, or atheist) and religious minority Muslim (Turkish and Moroccan) youth aged between 16 and 22 years old in the Netherlands.…”

Section: Limitations To What We Know and Directions For Future Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another study also reported that perceived parental ethnic socialization, measured by frequency of conversations on ethnicity and unfair treatment parents previously experienced, positively mediated the link between parents’ experience of ingroup suffering and adolescents’ (13–18 years old) perceived threats to values and norms of their ethnic ingroup. In turn, adolescents’ perceived threat to their ingroup predicted adolescents’ higher likelihood to behave unfairly against the outgroup and higher perceived ethnic ingroup discrimination among Croat and Serb adolescents in Vukovar, Croatia (Štambuk et al, 2020). Therefore, considering the sociopolitical and historical context explicitly to contextualize family ethnic–racial socialization is necessary.…”

Section: Limitations To What We Know and Directions For Future Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of the Family for Racism and Xenophobia in Childhood and Adolescence

Aral

Juang

Schwarzenthal

et al. 2021

Review of General Psychology

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Racism and xenophobia are not just the problems of the adult world; As systems of beliefs, practices, and policies, racism and xenophobia influence children’s perceptions and experiences at early ages. Because families can be significant sources of information regarding race and ethnicity, we focus on the family to understand the broader context of racism and xenophobia in childhood and adolescence. In this paper, we first provide an overview of research conducted among BIPOC (Black, Indigenous, and People of Color) and ethnic/religious minority families that has focused on family ethnic–racial socialization to support children and adolescents’ capabilities for resisting racism and xenophobia. We then review research conducted among white and ethnic/religious majority families that has mainly taken an intergroup relations perspective and has examined associations between parents’ and children’s ethnic–racial attitudes, biases, and prejudice. Finally, we discuss the role of family for racism and xenophobia through the lens of family ethnic–racial socialization and intergroup relations perspectives, highlight areas that are currently understudied, and offer recommendations concerning future research directions.

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Section: Limitations To What We Know and Directions For Future Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Limitations To What We Know and Directions For Future Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Family for Racism and Xenophobia in Childhood and Adolescence

Aral

Juang

Schwarzenthal

et al. 2021

Review of General Psychology

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“…Victimhood narrative can be used to sustain in-group cohesion and loyalty, gain solidarity from third parties, and to divert attention from the past wrongdoings of the in-group. Thus, groups are motivated to compete for that status (Noor et al, 2012), which further leads to negative intergroup attitudes, less trust, and less willingness to forgive (Noor et al, 2008), with transgenerational negative effects on intergroup relations (Štambuk et al, 2020). Hornsey et al (2015) argue that direct victims are more willing to extend intergroup forgiveness in comparison to indirect victims (in-group members).…”

Section: Interpersonal and Intergroup Perspectives On Apology And For...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Deeds, not words: Understanding intergroup apology and forgiveness from different sides of conflict.

Štambuk¹,

Biruški²,

Kapović³

2022

Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology

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Repairing broken intergroup relations after conflict is a challenging process that becomes particularly complex when perpetrators and victims continue to live in the same community. In the present study, we have asked participants from different sides of the 1991-1995 conflict in Croatia to disentangle their understanding of apology and forgiveness 20 years after the war. We conducted focus groups with people who suffered war-related personal losses, those with no such losses, and young adults born after the conflict. The major research question was as follows: How do different community actors understand intergroup apology and forgiveness and its relevance for the peaceful future in the postconflict ethnically mixed communities? A total of 65 persons participated in 11 focus groups (36 Serbs and 29 Croats; 35 women and 30 men; aged 20-78 years) who had lived in two ethnically mixed towns (Knin and Vukovar) before and during the war. Our results showed no substantial differences in how people with different experiences or from different sides of conflict understood intergroup apology and forgiveness. However, the meaningfulness of apologyforgiveness cycles was impaired by mistrust in the sincerity of apologies and by strong differences in opinions about preconditions for intergroup apology and forgiveness between two ethnic groups. Our results show that an outright apology and forgiveness may not be necessary for the communities that suffered mutual massive violence. Rather, exchange of mutual social gestures showing readiness for contact and moving on with everyday living could be more constructive ways for community social reconstruction. Public Significance StatementIn this study, we elaborate on how people from different sides of conflict, with different experiences and from different generations understand the concepts of intergroup apology and forgiveness after the conflict and their relevance for future community intergroup relations. The results confirmed the complexity of phenomena and emotional, cognitive, and motivational challenges operating in considering common future and social recovery among community members.

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“…It may take considerable time to consolidate peace (Lederach, 1997). A majority of research in conflict settings has focused on understanding how the younger generation maintains intergroup hostilities by displaying negative out-group attitudes (e.g., prejudice, Turner et al, 2013) and behaviors (e.g., discrimination, Štambuk et al, 2020; aggression, Taylor et al, 2016). Less is known, however, about the factors that can promote youth’s constructive contributions to rebuilding society after conflict (Taylor et al, 2020b).…”

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confidence: 99%

Trust, forgiveness, and peace: The influence of adolescent social identity in a setting of intergroup conflict

Taylor¹,

O’Driscoll²,

Merrilees

et al. 2022

International Journal of Behavioral Development

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Following the signing of peace agreements, post-accord societies often remain deeply divided across group lines. There is a need to identify antecedents of youth’s support for peace and establish more constructive intergroup relations. This article explored the effect of out-group trust, intergroup forgiveness, and social identity on support for the peace process among youth from the historic majority and minority communities in Belfast, Northern Ireland. The sample comprised 667 adolescents (49% male; M = 15.74, SD = 1.99 years old) across two time points. The results from the structural equation model suggested that out-group trust was related to intergroup forgiveness over time, while forgiveness related to later support for the peace process. Strength of in-group social identity differentially moderated how out-group trust and intergroup forgiveness related to later support for peace among youth from the conflict-related groups (i.e., Protestants and Catholics). Implications for consolidating peace in Northern Ireland are discussed, which may be relevant to other settings affected by intergroup conflict.

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Parental competitive victimhood and interethnic discrimination among their children: The mediating role of ethnic socialization and symbolic threat to the in‐group

Abstract: Parental competitive victimhood and interethnic discrimination among their children: The mediating role of ethnic socialization and symbolic threat to the in-group.

Cited by 18 publications

References 79 publications

The Role of the Family for Racism and Xenophobia in Childhood and Adolescence

The Role of the Family for Racism and Xenophobia in Childhood and Adolescence

Deeds, not words: Understanding intergroup apology and forgiveness from different sides of conflict.

Trust, forgiveness, and peace: The influence of adolescent social identity in a setting of intergroup conflict

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