Parental Division of Labor in a Monogamous Fish

Itzkowitz, Murray

doi:10.1163/156853984x00407

Cited by 44 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…This indicates that parental division of labour may exist but seems not to be strong in comparison with other bi-parental cichlids (e.g. Keenleyside & Bietz, 1981;Itzkowitz, 1984). Also this indicates that parental roles of J. ornatus would not clearly change as the relative size within pairs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…In most substrate brooding cichlids, principal caretakers are females that are smaller than male mates (e.g. Keenleyside & Bietz, 1981;Itzkowitz, 1984). By contrast, in some species small males perform more offspring care and large female mates more territory defence (cichlid, Yamagishi & Kohda, 1996;catfish, McKaye et al, 1994;clownfish, Yanagisawa & Ochi, 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among many of these fishes, females smaller than their mates are principal caretakers, which tend to remain with their offspring and perform direct care behaviours including fanning of eggs and cleaning of eggs and larvae. Males tend to be less close to their broods and mainly perform territory defence and/or brood defence against predators (Keenleyside & Bietz, 1981;Itzkowitz, 1984;Kuwamura, 1986a;Nakano & Nagoshi, 1990;Stiassny & Gerstner, 1992). A reverse in these sex differences in parental roles has been reported for a Tanganyikan cichlid, Julidochromis marlieri (Yamagishi & Kohda, 1996) and for a catfish Bagrus meridionalis (McKaye et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parental Roles and the Amount of Care In a Bi-Parental Substrate Brooding Cichlid: The Effect of Size Differences Within Pairs

Awata

Kohda

2004

Behav

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SummaryParental roles and the amount of care in bi-parental fish have been assumed to be determined by sex. We studied the parental behaviour in a substrate brooding cichlid Julidochromis ornatus (40-90 mm in total length) in which both parents participate in care of eggs and young. In the study population, ca 80% of paired females were larger than their partners and pairs mated assortatively for size. Males spent more time with their offspring in female-largest pairs, whereas the opposite was found for male-largest pairs. These differences in the amount of care were more conspicuous when differences in body size were greater, whereas similar sized pairs shared parental tasks. These results suggest that the amount of parental care is largely affected by the relative size within pairs independent of sex in J. ornatus. However, the frequencies of defensive behaviours were not different in both female-largest and malelargest pairs. This indicates that parental roles would not completely change as the change of the body size difference within pairs. The larger parents were socially dominant over the partners regardless of sex, and observations of aggressive behaviours within pairs suggest that the larger fish are likely to make the partners perform parental care. Higher frequencies of aggressive encounters were observed in the similar-sized pairs than in the different-sized ones. Higher costs associated with frequent aggressive behaviours in the similar-sized pairs may be related to their small brood size, and may be partly responsible for the size-assortative mating with sexual size difference in this fish.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parental Roles and the Amount of Care In a Bi-Parental Substrate Brooding Cichlid: The Effect of Size Differences Within Pairs

Awata

Kohda

2004

Behav

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“…A number of studies demonstrate that within the family Cichlidae biparental behaviors are divided into stable sex-specific behavioral phenotypes. The existing body of research suggests that biparental cichlids generally show sex-biased behavior, with females performing the majority of parental care and males utilizing their increased size for territory and brood defense (Keenleyside and Bietz, 1981;Itzkowitz, 1984;Kuwamura et al, 1986;Kuwamura et al, 1997). The cichlid genus Julidochromis is composed of biparental substrate brooders (Konings, 1998) that show variation in specialized parental care such that several species in this genus exhibit the conventional pattern of sex-specific behavior while Julidochromis marlieri shows reversed sex-specific behavior (Barlow and Lee, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative gene expression profiles for highly similar aggressive phenotypes in male and female cichlid fishes (Julidochromis)

Schumer

Krishnakant

Renn

2011

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYJulidochromis marlieri and Julidochromis transcriptus are two closely related Tanganyikan cichlids that have evolved different behavior and mating strategies since they diverged from their common ancestor. While J. transcriptus follows the ancestral pattern of male dominance, male-biased sexual size dimorphism and territoriality, the pattern is reversed in J. marlieri. In J. marlieri, females show all of these behavioral and morphological characteristics. This raises the question of whether female J. marlieri achieve the dominant phenotype by expressing the same genes as J. transcriptus males or whether novel brain gene expression patterns have evolved to produce a similar behavioral phenotype in the females of J. marlieri. This study used cDNA microarrays to investigate whether female J. marlieri and male J. transcriptus show conserved or divergent patterns of brain gene expression. Analysis of microarray data in both species showed certain gene expression patterns associated with sex role independent of gonadal sex and, to a lesser extent, gene expression patterns associated with sex independent of sex role. In general, these data suggest that while there has been substantial divergence in gene expression patterns between J. transcriptus and J. marlieri, we can detect a highly significant overlap for a core set of genes related to aggression in both species. These results suggest that the proximate mechanisms regulating aggressive behavior in J. transcriptus and J. marlieri may be shared. Supplementary material available online at

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“…In general, males spend much of their time defending territories while females care for offspring (Smith-Grayton and Keenleyside 1978;Itzkowitz 1984;Wisenden 1994). Here I found that, relative to males, females make a smaller but still substantial contribution to territorial defense, particularly when overall defensive costs are low.…”

Section: Residents' Responses To Increasing Numbers Of Intrudersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Territoriality and landscape of aggression.

Suriyampola

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Parental Division of Labor in a Monogamous Fish

Cited by 44 publications

References 8 publications

Parental Roles and the Amount of Care In a Bi-Parental Substrate Brooding Cichlid: The Effect of Size Differences Within Pairs

Parental Roles and the Amount of Care In a Bi-Parental Substrate Brooding Cichlid: The Effect of Size Differences Within Pairs

Comparative gene expression profiles for highly similar aggressive phenotypes in male and female cichlid fishes (Julidochromis)

Territoriality and landscape of aggression.

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