Parental education as an indicator of socioeconomic status: Improving quality of data by requiring consistency across measurement occasions

Aarø, Leif Edvard; Flisher, Alan J.; Kaaya, Sylvia; Onya, Hans; Namisi, Francis Sande; Wubs, Annegreet Gera

doi:10.1177/1403494808086917

Cited by 48 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…In our study, higher neighbourhood greenspace availability was associated with a lower BMI z-score, while the effect was stronger for children growing up in less educated families compared with children from higher educated families. As a frequently used indicator of SES in health behaviour surveys, parental educational level is believed to reflect the health-related lifestyle among parents, which in turn affects their children's lifestyle [43]. Our results are consistent with the findings of Lovasi et al [44,45] who found that children in lower income families had a reduced risk of obesity if they lived in an area with a higher density of trees.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Built Environment and Childhood Weight Status: A Multi-Level Study Using Population-Based Data in the City of Hannover, Germany

Zhou

Buck

Maier

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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In recent years, built environmental characteristics have been linked to childhood overweight, but the results remain inconsistent across studies. The present study examines associations between several built environmental features and body weight status (BMI) z-score among a large sample of preschool children in the city of Hannover, Germany. Walkability (Index), green space availability, and playground availability related to preschool children’s home environments were measured using data from OpenStreetMap (OSM). These built environment characteristics were linked to the data from the 2010–2014 school entry examinations in the Hannover city (n = 22,678), and analysed using multilevel linear regression models to examine associations between the built environment features and the BMI z-score of these children (4–8 years old). No significant associations of built environmental factors on children’s BMI were detected, but the effect between green space availability and BMI was modified by the parental educational level. In children with lower compared to higher educated parents, a higher spatial availability of greenspace was significantly associated with reduced body weight. Future research should continue to monitor the disparities in diverse built environment features and how these are related to children’s health.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Built Environment and Childhood Weight Status: A Multi-Level Study Using Population-Based Data in the City of Hannover, Germany

Zhou

Buck

Maier

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…We have found in previous studies that these measures are reliable and valid measures of SES in our setting (Flisher, Parry, Evans, Muller, & Lombard, 2003;King et al, 2003). Conversely, we have found that more common measures of SES that are derived from proxies such as parental income or parental occupation are not sufficiently reliable or valid for use in our setting (Aar et al, 2009).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Substance Use and Psychosocial Predictors of High School Dropout in Cape Town, South Africa

Flisher¹,

Townsend²,

Chikobvu³

et al. 2010

Journal of Research on Adolescence

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The aims of this study were to examine whether use of tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs predicts dropout among secondary school students in Cape Town, South Africa. A self-report instrument was administered to 1,470 Grade 8 students. The proportion of students that dropped out of school between the onset of the study and 4 years later was 54.9%. After adjusting for a range of confounders, dropout was significantly predicted by absenteeism, poverty (as assessed by a possession index), and past month cigarette use, but not by past month alcohol use and lifetime illicit drug use. Contrary to findings from developed countries, alcohol and illicit drug use did not predict dropout. It is possible that predictors of dropout documented elsewhere may not be pertinent in developing countries. School attrition represents a major educational and social challenge, particularly in the developing world, where over 40% of children enrolled in primary schools fail to progress to secondary education (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation, 2003/4). In South Africa, 60% of children who enroll in Grade 1 drop out before completing high school (Department of Education, 2003). This may be related to relatively high rates JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE, 20(1), 237-255 r

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“…A proxy measure of participants’ socioeconomic status (SES) was calculated from the highest level of education achieved by the consenting parent/guardian (see Table ). Parental level of education is a commonly used proxy of SES in research involving school‐aged individuals (Aarø et al., ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Mental Health Stigmatization Scale: psychometric properties of a questionnaire for children and adolescents

McKeague

Hennessy

O'Driscoll

et al. 2015

Child Adoles Ment Health

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Background: The nature of stigmatizing attitudes towards children and adolescents with mental health problems has received little empirical attention, despite consensus that such attitudes are widespread. As a consequence, much less is known about stigma in childhood and adolescence and methods of stigma measurement are frequently borrowed from the adult literature. For research on this topic to develop, a theoretically based and developmentally appropriate measure is needed. This study aimed to develop a theory-based peer stigma questionnaire suitable for children and adolescents. Method: Participants were 562 children and adolescents aged 9-16 years (M = 12.99 years; SD = 1.6 years) in the Republic of Ireland, 316 female, all were White. The Peer Mental Health Stigmatization Scale (PMHSS) contains 24 statements (negative and positive) about peers with mental health problems that are rated on a 5-point scale. Participants also completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Re-test data was collected after 2 weeks from 109 participants. Results: Principal Components Analysis on the negative statements indicate the presence of two components: Stigma Agreement, personal endorsement of stigmatising statements and Stigma Awareness: awareness of prevailing societal stigma towards youth with mental health problems. The positive statements include three components: Intellectual Ability, Recovery and Friendship. Conclusions: The PMHSS is a psychometrically sound instrument with good retest reliability suitable for use with older children and teenagers. Initial use of the scale suggests that personal endorsement of stigma is lower than perceptions of public stigma. Key Practitioner Message• The measurement of mental health stigma in children and adolescents has received little attention and most studies have used adapted questionnaires developed for adults without presenting evidence on their appropriateness or psychometric properties.• The stigma construct used to develop the Peer Mental Health Stigmatization Scale (PMHSS) comprises stereotypes, prejudice, discrimination and lower status.• The PMHSS can be administered to children as young as 9 years and yields a total stigma score, a total score for endorsement of positive statements as well as scores on separate subscales.• The findings demonstrate that children and adolescents distinguish between societal stigma (what most people think) and personal stigma (what I think) in relation to mental health problems.

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Parental education as an indicator of socioeconomic status: Improving quality of data by requiring consistency across measurement occasions

Cited by 48 publications

References 10 publications

Built Environment and Childhood Weight Status: A Multi-Level Study Using Population-Based Data in the City of Hannover, Germany

Built Environment and Childhood Weight Status: A Multi-Level Study Using Population-Based Data in the City of Hannover, Germany

Substance Use and Psychosocial Predictors of High School Dropout in Cape Town, South Africa

Peer Mental Health Stigmatization Scale: psychometric properties of a questionnaire for children and adolescents

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