Parental imprinting studied by allele-specific primer extension after PCR: paternal X chromosome-linked genes are transcribed prior to preferential paternal X chromosome inactivation.

Singer-Sam, Judith; Chapman, Verne M.; LeBon, Jeanne M.; Riggs, Arthur D.

doi:10.1073/pnas.89.21.10469

Cited by 70 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Of genes subject to inactivation, the degree of silencing varies depending on the location of the gene on the X P -genes residing proximal to the Xic were subject to a higher degree of silencing than genes located more distal. The idea that X P -inactivation "initiates" near the Xic and later "spreads" to the rest of the chromosome had been entertained previously (Latham 1996) and is consistent with other published studies (Singer-Sam et al 1992;Latham and Rambhatla 1995).…”

Section: Recent Advances: Evidence For a Silent X P In Preimplantatiosupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Green genes, expressed; red genes, either not expressed or expression is severely reduced; yellow genes, expression not conclusive (see text). Sources: 1, Hendriksen et al 1995;2, Singer-Sam et al 1990;3, McCarrey et al 2002;4, Hendriksen et al 1997;5, McCarrey and Dilworth 1992;Richler et al 1992;Salido et al 1992;6, McCarrey et al 1992a;7, Krietsch et al 1982;Pravtcheva et al 1991;Singer-Sam et al 1992;Latham and Rambhatla 1995;Huynh and Lee 2003;Mak et al 2004. chromosome in response to a rapidly degenerating Y chromosome.…”

Section: Preinactivation From An Evolutionary Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

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A Continuity of X-Chromosome Silence from Gamete to Zygote

Huynh¹,

Lee²

2004

Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology

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Section: Recent Advances: Evidence For a Silent X P In Preimplantatiosupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Preinactivation From An Evolutionary Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

A Continuity of X-Chromosome Silence from Gamete to Zygote

Huynh¹,

Lee²

2004

Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology

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“…Pgk-1 is known to be expressed early during embryogenesis in the mouse (Singer-Sam et al, 1992). To investigate the expression of the Pgk-lacZ transgene, we mated transgenic males to normal females, harvested embryos a t various intervals, and stained them in situ with X-gal.…”

Section: Expression During Embryonic Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Murine PGK‐1 promoter drives widespread but not uniform expression in transgenic mice

McBurney

Staines

Boekelheide

et al. 1994

Developmental Dynamics

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Pgk-1 is an X-linked gene encoding 3-phosphoglycerate kinase, an enzyme necessary in every cell for glycolysis. The regulatory sequences of the Pgk-1 gene were used to drive the E. coli lac2 reporter gene and 2 strains of transgenic animals created with this P g k -l a d transgene carried on autosomes. The levels of expression of Pgk-1 varied from one adult tissue to another and the transgene was similarly regulated. However, in situ staining of the P-galactosidase encoded by the transgene indicated extensive cell-to-cell variability in its level of expression. A reproducible subset of cells stained darkly for the transgene product. Some of these 6-galactosidase positive cells were rapidly proliferating while others appeared to be metabolically very active, suggesting that the Pgk-1 promoter is regulated so as to be more active in cells requiring high levels of glycolysis. Although Pgk-1 is X-linked and subject to X chromosome inactivation, the transgenes were not inactivated in either female somatic or male germ cells. Thus, the Pgk-1 promoter drives transgene expression in all tissues but the levels of expression are not uniform in each cell. o

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“…Initial detection of the X chromosomes was achieved by simultaneous amplification of X-linked phosphoglycerate kinase locus (pgk-1). 16,17 All primer sequences were synthesized commercially and, apart from pgk-1, sequences were obtained from Research Genetics Inc. (Huntsville, AL). The 170 bp products from the mouse X-linked pgk-1 locus were amplified by using forward and reverse primers (BEX Co., Tokyo, Japan) 5Ј-CACGCTTCAAAAGCGCACGTCT-3Ј and 5Ј-CTTGAGGG-CAGCAGTACGGAAT-3Ј, respectively, whereas primers (BEX Co.) corresponding to mouse glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were 5Ј-ACCACAGTCCATGCCAT-CAC-3Ј and 5Ј-TCCACCACCCTGTTGCTGTA-3Ј.…”

Section: Hybridization Probe and Pcr Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of Middle Ear Cholesteatoma

Yamamoto‐Fukuda

Hishikawa

Shibata

et al. 2010

The American Journal of Pathology

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Middle ear cholesteatoma is characterized by enhanced proliferation of epithelial cells with aberrant morphological characteristics. To investigate the origin of the cholesteatoma cells, we analyzed spontaneously occurring cholesteatomas associated with a new transplantation model in Mongolian gerbils (gerbils). Cholesteatomas were induced in gerbils with a transplanted tympanic membrane by using the external auditory canal (EAC) ligation method. After the pars flaccida of the tympanic membranes were completely removed from male gerbils, corresponding portions of tympanic membranes of female gerbils were transplanted to the area of defect, and then we ligated the EAC (hybrid-model group). As a control group, the EAC of normal male and female gerbils was ligated without myringoplasty. In all ears of each group, the induced cholesteatomas were seen. In situ PCR was then performed to detect the mouse X chromosomelinked phosphoglycerate kinase-1 (pgk-1) gene on the paraffin sections. One pgk-1 spot in the epithelial nuclei was detected in male cholesteatoma, and two pgk-1 spots were detected in female cholesteatoma, respectively. On the other hand, in the hybrid-model group, we detected not only one but also two pgk-1 spots in the epithelial nuclei of cholesteatoma. These results strengthened the evidence that the origin of epithelial cells in cholesteatoma is the tympanic membrane in this model, but not the residential middle ear epithelial cells or the skin of the EAC. (Am J

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Parental imprinting studied by allele-specific primer extension after PCR: paternal X chromosome-linked genes are transcribed prior to preferential paternal X chromosome inactivation.

Abstract: The preferential inactivation of the paternal

Cited by 70 publications

References 27 publications

A Continuity of X-Chromosome Silence from Gamete to Zygote

A Continuity of X-Chromosome Silence from Gamete to Zygote

Murine PGK‐1 promoter drives widespread but not uniform expression in transgenic mice

Pathogenesis of Middle Ear Cholesteatoma

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