“…Adolescent studies using the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI; Parker, Tupling, & Brown, 1979), a measure of perceived parenting style, show that subjects who perceive their parents as uncaring and/or overprotective are at increased risk for suicidal ideation and behavior (Adam, Keller, West, Larose, Goszer, 1994;Martin & Waite, 1994). These studies demonstrate the utility of the PBI and the FAD in distinguishing suicidal adolescents in both clinical and nonclinical samples.…”