Parenting and addiction: neurobiological insights

Rutherford, Helena J. V.; Mayes, Linda C.

doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.02.014

Cited by 61 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The regulation of other regions of the two subsystems of the MBN to orchestrate parenting has been demonstrated with human functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies, including for the amygdala, insular cortex, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and hypothalamus in response to infant cues. These regions may also be affected by addiction and polysubstance use, suggesting the need for more research on task‐based brain physiology in the maternal brain. There is growing recognition, however, that high‐order cognitive and emotional function, such as required for human parenting, may depend on coherent activity between key brain regions within neurocircuits, rather than single regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These regions may also be affected by F I G U R E 1 The maternal behavior neurocircuit (MBN) is comprised of two reciprocally inhibiting subsystems for: (1) maternal care, mediated by the medial preoptic area (mPOA) of hypothalamus (HYP), ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens (NAc) and ventral pallidum (VP), and (2) maternal defense, mediated by periaqueductal grey (PAG). These opposing subsystems are regulated by the amygdala (AMY), insula, and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC addiction and polysubstance use, 30,31,67,68 suggesting the need for more research on task-based brain physiology in the maternal brain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early postpartum resting‐state functional connectivity for mothers receiving buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder: A pilot study

Swain

2019

J Neuroendocrinology

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Between 1999 and 2014, the prevalence of opioid use disorder (OUD) among pregnant women quadrupled in the USA. The standard treatment for peripartum women with OUD is buprenorphine. However, the maternal behavior neurocircuit that regulates maternal behavior and mother‐infant bonding has not been previously studied for human mothers receiving buprenorphine treatment for OUD (BT). Rodent research shows opioid effects on reciprocal inhibition between maternal care and defence maternal brain subsystems: the hypothalamus and periaqueductal gray, respectively. We conducted a longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) pilot study in humans to specifically examine resting‐state functional connectivity (rs‐FC) between the periaqueductal gray and hypothalamus, as well as to explore associations with maternal bonding for BT. We studied 32 mothers who completed fMRI scans at 1 month (T1) and 4 months postpartum (T2), including seven mothers receiving buprenorphine for OUD and 25 non‐OUD mothers as a comparison group (CG). The participants underwent a 6‐minute resting‐state fMRI scan at each time point. We measured potential bonding impairments using the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire to explore how rs‐FC with periaqueductal gray is associated with bonding impairments. Compared to CG, BT mothers differed in periaqueductal gray‐dependent rs‐FC with the hypothalamus, amygdala, insular cortex and other brain regions at T1, with many of these differences disappearing at T2, suggesting potential therapeutic effects of continuing buprenorphine treatment. In contrast, the “rejection and pathological anger” subscale of the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire at T1 and T2 was associated with the T1‐to‐T2 increases in periaqueductal gray‐dependent rs‐FC with the hypothalamus and amygdala. Preliminary evidence links maternal bonding problems for mothers with OUD early in the postpartum to connectivity between specific care and defence maternal brain circuits, which may be mitigated by buprenorphine treatment. This exploratory study supports a potential mechanism for investigating both the therapeutic benefits and risks of opioids for maternal care and bonding with infants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early postpartum resting‐state functional connectivity for mothers receiving buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder: A pilot study

Swain

2019

J Neuroendocrinology

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“…Even during intermittent periods of sobriety, mothers with addictions are observed to be less attentive and responsive, while more intrusive and hostile, to their infants [Strathearn and Mayes, ]. Compared to mothers without addictions, they find infant cues to be less gratifying and more stressful, which places their infants at increased risk for abuse or neglect [Rutherford and Mayes, ; Rutherford et al, ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mothers with substance addictions show reduced reward responses when viewing their own infant's face

Kim

Iyengar

Mayes

et al. 2017

Human Brain Mapping

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Maternal addiction constitutes a major public health problem affecting children, with high rates of abuse, neglect, and foster care placement. However, little is known about the ways in which substance addiction alters brain function related to maternal behavior. Prior studies have shown that infant face cues activate similar dopamine-associated brain reward regions to substances of abuse. Here, we report on a functional MRI study documenting that mothers with addictions demonstrate reduced activation of reward regions when shown reward-related cues of their own infants. Thirty-six mothers receiving inpatient treatment for substance addiction were scanned at 6 months postpartum, while viewing happy and sad face images of their own infant compared to those of a matched unknown infant. When viewing happy face images of their own infant, mothers with addictions showed a striking pattern of decreased activation in dopamine- and oxytocin-innervated brain regions, including the hypothalamus, ventral striatum, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex—regions in which increased activation has previously been observed in mothers without addictions. Our results are the first to demonstrate that mothers with addictions show reduced activation in key reward regions of the brain in response to their own infant’s face cues.

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“…They have in fact tried to manage their negative feelings and better their mental and physical state through drugs (24,(37)(38)(39).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective Factors in First Drug Use Experience Among Male and Female Addicts: A Qualitative Study

Rahmati

Herfeh

Hosseini

2018

Int J High Risk Behav Addict

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Background: Addiction is a chronic relapsing disorder and there are several factors influencing its commencement and continuance. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to examine the effective factors in first drug use experience among male and female addicts in recovery. Methods: Interviews were performed with 40 individuals (20 females and 20 males) at addiction treatment centers across the city of Kerman, using criterion sampling. Transcripts were analyzed for themes, which represented the shared consensus of the research participants and the utilization of MAXQDA12 software helped in the analysis of data. Results: Participants of the present study reported four factors, including family (addiction of a family member, family's positive attitude towards drug use, family's belief that drugs are curative, and selling drugs by a family member), friends (having addict friends at school, military service, marital life, and blindly following friends' opinion towards addiction), partner (addiction of a spouse and their compulsions), and stress (stress as a result of loss or bereavement and physical pain) as the most effective factors paving the way for their first drug use experience. Three factors of family, friends, and stress were common for both males and females yet, interestingly, partner's addiction was only referred to by females as the main reason for their first drug use experience. Conclusions:The findings of the present study stress the need to focus on the role of family in preventive addiction programs, as well as educating individuals to learn better partner-seeking and friendship skills, and stress management.

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Parenting and addiction: neurobiological insights

Cited by 61 publications

References 34 publications

Early postpartum resting‐state functional connectivity for mothers receiving buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder: A pilot study

Early postpartum resting‐state functional connectivity for mothers receiving buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder: A pilot study

Mothers with substance addictions show reduced reward responses when viewing their own infant's face

Effective Factors in First Drug Use Experience Among Male and Female Addicts: A Qualitative Study

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