“…Several studies of changes occurring from late pregnancy to a few months postpartum showed that parenting self-efficacy increases (Porter & Hsu, 2003;Ruble et al, 1990;Verhage, Oosterman, & Schuengel, 2013;Zayas, Jankowski, & McKee, 2005), and depressive and anxiety symptoms decrease (Evans, Heron, Francomb, Oke, & Golding, 2001;Heron et al, 2004;Ross, Gilbert Evans, Sellers, & Romach, 2003). Given the negative association between parenting self-efficacy and mood symptoms, it is plausible that these patterns of change across the transition to parenthood may vary according to prenatal parenting self-efficacy and mood.…”