Parkia biglobosa aqueous extract ameliorates risk markers of cardiometabolic diseases in spironolactone treated and high-salt fed Sprague-Dawley male rat

Abstract

Background: The numbers of people with salt-sensitive hypertension and cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) are increasing due to high-salt diet (HSD) consumption globally. Parkia biglobosa (PB), an African locust bean tree, has been reported to have several cardiovascular protective properties but its ameliorative effects on CMD are scarcely reported. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the effects of PB stem bark aqueous extract on some risk markers of CMD in weanling male rats subjected to HSD and Spironolactone (Sp) treatment.Twenty-five weanling male rats (95-105 g) were divided into 5 groups: Group 1 (Control); Group 2 (untreated HSD) fed on normal chow and HSD (8% NaCl); Group 3 (HSD+Sp); Group 4 (HSD+PB); Group 5 (HSD+Sp+PB) fed on HSD (8% NaCl) and received either 80 mg/kg of Sp or 400 mg/kg of PB and both as treatment, respectively. After 6 weeks of treatment, blood samples and heart were collected from each animal for biochemical analysis.Results: Administration of both PB and Sp or only PB, significantly decreased the plasma or cardiac adenosine deaminase, xanthine oxidase, C-reactive protein, lipids (except high density lipoprotein), uric acid, sodium, and potassium concentrations. Contrarily, the plasma as well as cardiac nitric oxide and endothelial nitric oxide synthase increased significantly by the same treatment.Conclusion: Parkia biglobosa or its administration with Spironolactone ameliorates associated-risk markers of cardiometabolic disease which are triggered by high salt diet.

Contemporary Insights into the Biological Mechanisms of Parkia biglobosa

“…Lines of evidence support that polyphenolic substances participate in metabolic events that prevent or mitigate cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, and flavonoids constitute the most characterized and quantitatively most important subset of polyphenols [37]. Additionally, an aqueous extract of Parkia biglobosa stem bark was found to ameliorate some risk markers of cardiometabolic diseases caused by high-salt diet ingestion in rats via its antilipidemic, anti-inflammatory, and uricosuric effects, even though the individual contributions of the phytochemicals to the observed effects were not elucidated [30]. The observation of an increased HDL-C/LDL-C ratio in diabetic animals fed an aqueous extract of fermented Parkia biglobosa seed led to the supposition that the seed could protect against the development of cardiovascular diseases in individuals at risk [38].…”