Paroxetine in the Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Pollack, Mark H.; Zaninelli, Rocco; Goddard, Andrew W.; McCafferty, James P.; Bellew, Kevin M.; Burnham, Daniel B.; Iyengar, Malini

doi:10.4088/jcp.v62n0508

Cited by 222 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…At present, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are the treatment of choice for GAD. Venlafaxine, a serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), is also used for treatment of GAD [29], and recently it has been shown that the SSRI paroxetine is an effective treatment for GAD as well [30]. However, despite the efficacy shown by these drugs in the treatment of GAD, and regardless of the recommendations established in many countries for their use, it is necessary to incorporate the clinical control of the patient's symptoms into daily medical practice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disability and health-related quality of life in outpatients with generalised anxiety disorder treated in psychiatric clinics: is there still room for improvement?

et al. 2011

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ObjectiveWe assessed the impact of generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) on disability and health-related quality of life in outpatients treated in psychiatric clinics via a secondary analysis conducted in 799 patients from a cross-sectional study of prevalence of GAD in psychiatric clinics.MethodsPatients were allocated into two groups: follow-up (15.7%) and newly diagnosed patients (84.3%), and were administered the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A), Clinical Global Impressions Scale (CGI), Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS), and 36-item short form structured quality of life questionnaire (SF-36) scales.ResultsThe newly diagnosed group showed higher significant intensity of anxiety (56.9% vs 43.0% (HAM-A >24)), psychiatrist's CGI Severity (CGI-S) scores (4.2 vs 3.7), and perceived stress according to SDS (5.7 vs 5.2). They also showed lower scores in mental health-related quality of life: 25.4 vs 30.8. Statistical differences by gender were not observed. GAD was shown to have a significant impact on patient quality of life and disability, with a substantial portion having persistent, out of control symptoms despite treatment.ConclusionsThese results suggest that there is still room for improvement in the medical management of patients with GAD treated in psychiatric clinics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disability and health-related quality of life in outpatients with generalised anxiety disorder treated in psychiatric clinics: is there still room for improvement?

et al. 2011

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“…Positive treatment results have been reported for tricyclic antidepressants, SSRI or Venlafaxine [11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]. Pharmacological treatment with venlafaxine or paroxetine has shown a reduction of 9–12 points on the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pharmacological treatment with venlafaxine or paroxetine has shown a reduction of 9–12 points on the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), i.e. about 40–50% of the initial symptoms [14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]. The difference between placebo and drug at the endpoint was 1–6 points.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in Generalized Anxiety Disorders

Lindén¹,

Zubraegel²,

Baer³

et al. 2004

Psychother Psychosom

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Background: Generalized anxiety disorders (GAD) are amongst the most prevalent mental disorders. Recent studies have suggested that cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for GAD. A controlled clinical trial was done to evaluate the efficacy of CBT treatment in outpatients with pure GAD who were treated by a therapist working in routine care. Methods: Seventy-two outpatients, fulfilling GAD criteria according to DSM-IV, were included in the study. From this group, 36 patients (CBT-A) were randomly assigned to 25 sessions of CBT and the other 36 formed a contact control group (CCG). After the contact control period (CC period), these patients were also treated with CBT (CBT-B), allowing not only a parallel group comparison but also an A-B comparison. Therapists were licensed full-time psychologists who worked routinely in outpatient care and had a professional training in CBT. Treatment was done in accordance with a manual, and treatment conformity was controlled by several methods. Results: The reduction in the score on the Hamilton Anxiety Observer Rating Scale was 6.4% (1.5 points) in the CCG, 35.4% (9.5 points) in the CBT-A and 47.3% (10.3 points) in the CBT-B. In the self-rating Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, a reduction of 2.7% was seen in CCG, 14.6% in CBT-A, and 11.6% in CBT-B. According to the Clinical Global Impression Rating, 65.6% of patients were still at least moderately ill at the end of the CC period, while this rate was 33.4% at the end of CBT-A, or 15.7% at the end of CBT-B. All these differences between treatment and control group are statistically highly significant. The clinical improvement remained stable over a follow-up period of 8 months. Conclusions: CBT is an effective method of treatment for GAD. Differences between control and treatment group are comparable to or larger than those reported in studies on antidepressant drugs.

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“…For mice weighing approximately 20 g, a daily dose of 20 mg/kg without changing the drug formulation corresponds to a human dose of 97.2 mg when calculated based on a body weight of 60 kg [ 73 ]. Previous clinical trials have shown that, contingent on the specific condition being treated, the total daily dosage of PX for adult psychiatric patients ranges from 20 to 50 mg [ 74 , 75 , 76 ]. It is worth noting that the dosage form of PX used in our current study differed from that used in clinical practice, potentially resulting in variations in pharmacokinetic parameters [ 77 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of TNBC Cell Growth by Paroxetine: Induction of Apoptosis and Blockage of Autophagy Flux

Huang,

Wu,

et al. 2024

Cancers

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The strategy of drug repurposing has gained traction in the field of cancer therapy as a means of discovering novel therapeutic uses for established pharmaceuticals. Paroxetine (PX), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor typically utilized in the treatment of depression, has demonstrated promise as an agent for combating cancer. Nevertheless, the specific functions and mechanisms by which PX operates in the context of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remain ambiguous. This study aimed to examine the impact of PX on TNBC cells in vitro as both a standalone treatment and in conjunction with other pharmaceutical agents. Cell viability was measured using the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, apoptosis was assessed through flow cytometry, and the effects on signaling pathways were analyzed using RNA sequencing and Western blot techniques. Furthermore, a subcutaneous tumor model was utilized to assess the in vivo efficacy of combination therapy on tumor growth. The results of our study suggest that PX may activate the Ca2+-dependent mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway in TNBC by potentially influencing the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway as well as by inducing cytoprotective autophagy. Additionally, the combination of PX and chemotherapeutic agents demonstrated moderate inhibitory effects on 4T1 tumor growth in an in vivo model. These findings indicate that PX may exert its effects on TNBC through modulation of critical molecular pathways, offering important implications for improving chemosensitivity and identifying potential therapeutic combinations for clinical use.

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Paroxetine in the Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Cited by 222 publications

References 0 publications

Disability and health-related quality of life in outpatients with generalised anxiety disorder treated in psychiatric clinics: is there still room for improvement?

Disability and health-related quality of life in outpatients with generalised anxiety disorder treated in psychiatric clinics: is there still room for improvement?

Efficacy of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in Generalized Anxiety Disorders

Inhibition of TNBC Cell Growth by Paroxetine: Induction of Apoptosis and Blockage of Autophagy Flux

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