‘Parry’ fractures and female-directed interpersonal violence: Implications from the Late Archaic Period of west Tennessee

Skeletal and dental indicators of health in the late mediaeval (12–15th century) population from Nin, southern Croatia

“…Additional support for this assumption lies in the low frequency of defensive fractures. Ulnar 'parry' fractures have, for instance, frequently been used as an indicator of deliberate violence in a community (for more details see Judd and Roberts, 1999;Smith, 1996). In the Nin series only one ulnar fracture has been recorded.…”

Evolutionary Ecology, Resource Depression, and Niche Construction Theory: Applications to Central California Hunter-Gatherers and Mimbres-Mogollon Agriculturalists

“…10 and 11, respectively). For Interpersonal Violence Direct evidence of interpersonal violence can be observed osteologically in human remains by the presence of craniofacial fractures, embedded projectile points, and, to a lesser extent, by forearm fractures (Judd 2008;Smith 1996) and trophy taking (Andrushko et al 2005(Andrushko et al , 2010Grady et al 2001). More indirect but supporting evidence can be derived from the archaeological context, such as from multiple burials with projectile points recovered in positions suggesting they had been embedded in soft tissue.…”

The Eulau eulogy: Bioarchaeological interpretation of lethal violence in Corded Ware multiple burials from Saxony-Anhalt, Germany

“…In the palaeopathological literature fractures to the distal radius and scaphoid are most often interpreted as a result of falls or other accidents, as is the case in the modern clinical literature (e.g. Grauer and Roberts, 1996;Smith, 1996;Walker, 2001;Lovell, 2008). Although violence cannot be ruled out (Kunter, 1974), the classic mid-shaft parry fractures of the forearm, where the ulna is most commonly affected, are usually seen as better indicators of interpersonal violence (Smith, 1996;Lovell, 1997;Judd, 2008).…”