Partial intravenous anaesthesia in 5 horses using ketamine, lidocaine, medetomidine and halothane

Abstract

A partial intravenous protocol was used successfully to maintain anaesthesia in 5 healthy horses. Horses were premedicated with acepromazine, romifidine and butorphanol, induced with guaifenesin and ketamine and maintained on a constant rate infusion of lidocaine, ketamine and medetomidine together with halothane inhalation anaesthesia. Mean end-tidal halothane concentration to maintain a surgical plane of anaesthesia was 0.8 ± 0.2 %. Mean dobutamine requirement to maintain mean arterial pressure above 9.31 kPa was 0.42 ± 0.3 µg/kg/min. The administration of relatively low doses of lidocaine, ketamine and medetomidine together with halothane resulted in haemodynamically stable anaesthesia, followed by smooth recovery.

Medetomidine continuous rate intravenous infusion in horses in which surgical anaesthesia is maintained with isoflurane and intravenous infusions of lidocaine and ketamine

“…However, the infusion rates were sufficient to reduce the isoflurane requirements as observed by the perioperative stability of the physiologic parameters. These results confirm those of recent publications (Kruger & Stegmann 2009; Valverde et al. 2010).…”

“…2009). Medetomidine and lidocaine also have been used in combination during isoflurane anaesthesia in horses (Kruger & Stegmann 2009; Valverde et al. 2010).…”

Prolonged Recovery From General Anesthesia Possibly Related to Persistent Hypoxemia in a Draft Horse

“…Some studies described ketamine infusions in halothane-anesthetized horses ( 51 – 53 ), using loading doses ranging from 2.2 to 2.4 mg/kg and infusion rates from 2.0 to 2.8 mg/kg/h. All recoveries were considered acceptable and comparable of those observed with halothane only.…”

Intravenous anaesthesia in goats: A review

“…Goats regain the swallowing reflex after more than 11 min following an intravenous bolus of ketamine (Prassinos et al 2005), in comparison with less than 5 min following a bolus of propofol (Dzikiti et al 2009;Prassinos et al 2005). Ketamine is used extensively in dogs (Aguado, Benito & Gómez de Segura 2011;Wilson et al 2008) and horses (Enderle et al 2008;Kruger & Stegmann 2009;Vallaba, Santiago & Gómez de Segura 2011) in sub-anaesthetic doses for partial intravenous anaesthesia (PIVA), but there are very few scientific reports on its use for the same purpose in goats. Previous studies report administration of ketamine for PIVA at doses of 0.03 mg/kg/min -0.05 mg/kg/min (1.8 mg/kg/h -3.0 mg/kg/h) in goats (Doherty et al 2007;Larenza et al 2005).…”