Partial Purification, Identification, and Quantitation of Antioxidants from Wild Rice (Zizania latifolia)

Abstract

To provide further insights into the potential health-promoting antioxidants from wild rice (Zizania latifolia), which is an abundant but underutilized whole grain resource in East Asia, a partial purification based on D101 macroporous resin was carried out for the purification and enrichment of the antioxidants from the bioactive ethanol extracts of wild rice. On that basis, 34 phenolic compounds in the antioxidant fractions were identified by a high-performance liquid chromatography-linear ion trap quadrupole-Orbitrap-mass spectrometry (HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MSn). The results suggested that phenolic acids could be enriched in the 10% ethanol-eluted fraction whereas flavonoids (including procyanidins and flavonoid glycosides) could be enriched in 20–30% ethanol-eluted fractions. A quantitative analysis determined by the multiple reaction monitoring mode of the ultra-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS) revealed a high content of procyanidins in wild rice. Compared with phenolic acids, flavonoids may contribute more to the potent antioxidant activity of wild rice. This is the first study on the antioxidants from wild rice Z. latifolia. These findings provide novel information on the functional components of wild rice, and will be of value to further research and development on Z. latifolia.

Consumption of Wild Rice (Zizania latifolia) Prevents Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease through the Modulation of the Gut Microbiota in Mice Model

“…Moreover, the contents of phenolic acids and flavonoids in wild rice are significantly higher than that in white rice [23,24]. Plenty of research suggests proanthocyanidins plays a key role in changing the composition of the gut microbiota based on in vitro and in vivo models and the bioactivities of their metabolites [25][26][27]. However, it has not been reported that consumption of WR could prevent MAFLD via the modulation of the gut microbiota.…”

Enzyme-Treated Zizania latifolia Ethanol Extract Protects from UVA Irradiation-Induced Wrinkle Formation via Inhibition of Lysosome Exocytosis and Reactive Oxygen Species Generation

“…In particular, limited information is available on wrinkle formation through ROS generation and lysosomal exocytosis by UVA irradiation compared with wrinkle formation by UVB irradiation. In addition to the known antioxidant effects of ZLE [ 38 ], it also showed an antiwrinkle effect on UVB-irradiated HDFs and SKH-1 hairless mice by blocking the MAPK signaling pathway resulting in the inhibition of NF-κB and activator protein-1 (AP-1) activities [ 18 , 19 ]. Both ZLE and tricin treatments showed skin protective effects and helped reduce wrinkle formation in UVA-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts and hairless mice in this study.…”

Preparative Separation of Procyanidins from Cocoa Polyphenolic Extract: Comparative Study of Different Fractionation Techniques

“…Similar results using polyethylene glycol resin column were achieved by Sasaki et al [ 38 ], who obtained fractions of mixed procyanidins. Chu et al (2018) [ 39 ] compared the separation efficacy of procyanidins and flavonoid glycosides using six different macroporous resins. Other classical techniques such as thin-layer chromatography and column chromatography have been reported but several disadvantages have been identified, such as time-consuming, secondary pollution, complex process, irreversible adsorption on the solid-phase materials, low yield, and high-cost [ 40 ].…”