Partial purification of elicitors from Lentinula edodes basidiocarps protecting cucumber seedlings against Colletotrichum lagenarium

Abstract

The shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) has been used in research involving the prevention and the control of human and plant diseases. In cucumber plants, treated with aqueous extracts from mushroom basidiocarps, there was a reduction in anthracnose severity caused by Colletotrichum lagenarium, and an increase in peroxidase activity in the leaves. With the aim of obtaining molecules of agronomic interest, the crude aqueous extract from L. edodes basidiocarp was fractioned with ammonium sulfate. The fraction corresponding to 40-80% of saturation (p40-80), the most effective in reducing anthracnose on cucumber cotyledons, was submitted to anion exchange chromatography (AEC). After AEC, six protein peaks were obtained and the peak V, containing 34% of the proteins present in p40-80, induced peroxidase increase in the cucumber cotyledons besides reducing anthracnose severity. Separation of peak V proteins by SDS-gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of more than one band in the gel. Thus, a partial purification of elicitors present in the L. edodes basidiocarp was achieved.

Residual polysaccharides from fungi reduce the bacterial spot in tomato plants

“…FTIR analysis is a well-established technique for analysis of glucans from yeast (Thanardkit et al 2002). The glucans present in fungal cell wall can activate plant immune system (Klarzynski et al 2000;Di Piero et al 2006;Nars et al 2013). The bands characteristic of glucans extracted from Pleurotus spp.…”

“…One alternative to the commercial pesticides commonly used against pathogens could be the use of fungi that secrete enzymes or antibiotics, compete by nutrient or induce host plant defenses (Punja and Utkhede 2003). For the last case, as a result of the interaction between plant and pathogen, defense elicitors stimulate the synthesis of phytoalexins and pathogenesis-related proteins (PR-proteins) eventually after binding to the receptor proteins of plant cell wall (Di Piero et al 2006).…”

“…The ability of polysaccharides obtained from mushrooms, crustaceans, plants, algae and microbial cultures to protect plants against phytopathogens has been well documented (Di Piero et al 2006;Luiz et al 2015;Delgado et al 2013;Hahn and Albersheim 1978). Some of the polysaccharides, such as chitosan and that obtained from aloe (Aloe barbadensis Miller), reduced tomato bacterial spot acting on the phenylpropanoid metabolism and increasing peroxidase activity on treated leaves Luiz et al 2015).…”

Plant Defense Enzymes Activated in Bean Plants by Aqueous Extract from Pycnoporus sanguineus Fruiting Body

“…This process was carried out as methodologies [7] and [13]. Fruiting bodies or basidiocarps of P. sanguineus were collected in western Paraná State, Brazil, and identified according [10].…”

“…Among the non-conventional elicitors can be included the extracts of medicinal plants and essential oils [5], homeopathic drugs [6], as well as the extracts obtained from mushrooms [7][8][9]. Among the basidiomycetes with elicitor proprieties stands out Pycnoporus sanguineus (L. ex Fr.)…”