Partial sleep deprivation: Impact on the architecture and quality of sleep

Elmenhorst, Eva‐Maria; Elmenhorst, David; Luks, N.; Maaß, H.; Vejvoda, M.; Samel, A.

doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2007.07.021

Cited by 47 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…It is composed of longer periods of the delta-wave sleep and REM sleep, while stage 2 NREM is shortened and stage 1 NREM may be absent [31,40,41]. The duration of the rebound sleep does not correspond to the total duration of sleep loss; the sleep lasting several hours more than usual may provide sufficient recovery even within the first 24 hours post-deprivation.…”

Section: Post-deprivation Recovery: Rebound Sleepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of sleep deprivation

Orzeł-Gryglewska¹

2010

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

214

133

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This paper presents the history of research and the results of recent studies on the effects of sleep deprivation in animals and humans. Humans can bear several days of continuous sleeplessness, experiencing deterioration in wellbeing and effectiveness; however, also a shorter reduction in the sleep time may lead to deteriorated functioning. Sleeplessness accounts for impaired perception, difficulties in keeping concentration, vision disturbances, slower reactions, as well as the appearance of microepisodes of sleep during wakefulness which lead to lower capabilities and efficiency of task performance and to increased number of errors. Sleep deprivation results in poor memorizing, schematic thinking, which yields wrong decisions, and emotional disturbances such as deteriorated interpersonal responses and increased aggressiveness. The symptoms are accompanied by brain tissue hypometabolism, particularly in the thalamus, prefrontal, frontal and occipital cortex and motor speech centres. Sleep deficiency intensifies muscle tonus and coexisting tremor, speech performance becomes monotonous and unclear, and sensitivity to pain is higher. Sleeplessness also relates to the changes in the immune response and the pattern of hormonal secretion, of the growth hormone in particular. The risk of obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease increases. The impairment of performance which is caused by 20-25 hours of sleeplessness is comparable to that after ethanol intoxication at the level of 0.10% blood alcohol concentration. The consequences of chronic sleep reduction or a shallow sleep repeated for several days tend to accumulate and resemble the effects of acute sleep deprivation lasting several dozen hours. At work, such effects hinder proper performance of many essential tasks and in extreme situations (machine operation or vehicle driving), sleep loss may be hazardous to the worker and his/her environment.

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Section: Post-deprivation Recovery: Rebound Sleepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of sleep deprivation

Orzeł-Gryglewska¹

2010

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

214

133

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“…In humans, several studies reported that homeostatic sleep responses were virtually absent during 4 -14 days of restriction to 3-6 h of sleep per night (5,18,23,61), whereas other studies using 4 -5 days of restriction to 4 h of sleep per night reported the presence of homeostatic responses (1,15). A number of studies used animal models to study alterations in sleep-wake patterns during CSR (17,24,35,36,39,40,43).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-of-day modulation of homeostatic and allostatic sleep responses to chronic sleep restriction in rats

Deurveilher

Rusak

Semba

2012

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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To study sleep responses to chronic sleep restriction (CSR) and time-of-day influences on these responses, we developed a rat model of CSR that takes into account the polyphasic sleep patterns in rats. Adult male rats underwent cycles of 3 h of sleep deprivation (SD) and 1 h of sleep opportunity (SO) continuously for 4 days, beginning at the onset of the 12-h light phase (“3/1” protocol). Electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) recordings were made before, during, and after CSR. During CSR, total sleep time was reduced by ∼60% from baseline levels. Both rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) and non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) during SO periods increased initially relative to baseline and remained elevated for the rest of the CSR period. In contrast, NREMS EEG delta power (a measure of sleep intensity) increased initially, but then declined gradually, in parallel with increases in high-frequency power in the NREMS EEG. The amplitude of daily rhythms in NREMS and REMS amounts was maintained during SO periods, whereas that of NREMS delta power was reduced. Compensatory responses during the 2-day post-CSR recovery period were either modest or negative and gated by time of day. NREMS, REMS, and EEG delta power lost during CSR were not recovered by the end of the second recovery day. Thus the “3/1” CSR protocol triggered both homeostatic responses (increased sleep amounts and intensity during SOs) and allostatic responses (gradual decline in sleep intensity during SOs and muted or negative post-CSR sleep recovery), and both responses were modulated by time of day.

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“…Increased REM sleep during both a phase advance and a phase delay is not favourable (46,50,(66)(67)(68)(69)(70)(71)(72) , because this results in a relatively shorter REM sleep duration during the second part of the night, associated with higher cortisol concentrations, higher fasting insulin concentrations, and a higher HOMA-IR index (44,64,73,74) . Sleep during the circadian nadir (03.00-06.00 hours), is important in protecting normal physiological rhythms and function of the HPA-axis (74) .…”

Section: Circadian Misalignment and Sleepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep, circadian rhythm and body weight: parallel developments

Westerterp-Plantenga

2016

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Circadian alignment is crucial for body-weight management, and for metabolic health. In this context, circadian alignment consists of alignment of sleep, meal patterns and physical activity. During puberty a significant reduction in sleep duration occurs, and pubertal status is inversely associated with sleep duration. A consistent inverse association between habitual sleep duration and body-weight development occurs, independent of possible confounders. Research on misalignment reveals that circadian misalignment affects sleep-architecture and subsequently disturbs glucose–insulin metabolism, substrate oxidation, leptin- and ghrelin concentrations, appetite, food reward, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal-axis activity and gut-peptide concentrations enhancing positive energy balance and metabolic disturbance. Not only aligning meals and sleep in a circadian way is crucial, also regular physical activity during the day strongly promotes the stability and amplitude of circadian rhythm, and thus may serve as an instrument to restore poor circadian rhythms. Endogenicity may play a role in interaction of these environmental variables with a genetic predisposition. In conclusion, notwithstanding the separate favourable effects of sufficient daily physical activity, regular meal patterns, sufficient sleep duration and quality sleep on energy balance, the overall effect of the amplitude and stability of the circadian rhythm, perhaps including genetic predisposition, may integrate the separate effects in an additive way.

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Partial sleep deprivation: Impact on the architecture and quality of sleep

Cited by 47 publications

References 36 publications

Consequences of sleep deprivation

Consequences of sleep deprivation

Time-of-day modulation of homeostatic and allostatic sleep responses to chronic sleep restriction in rats

Sleep, circadian rhythm and body weight: parallel developments

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