Partially reduced graphite oxide for supercapacitor electrodes: Effect of graphene layer spacing and huge specific capacitance

Hantel, Moritz M.; Kaspar, T.; Nesper, Reinhard; Wokaun, Alexander; Kötz, R.

doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2010.11.021

Cited by 118 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The unusual electrode contraction differs from the wellestablished swelling of other 2D materials such as carbon [31-33] or reduced graphene oxide [34] when they are intercalated with molecules and/or ions. Moreover, the amplitude of the shrinkage can be higher than 10% in the case of intercalation of Li + .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Controlling the actuation properties of MXene paper electrodes upon cation intercalation

et al. 2015

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Atomic force microscopy was used to monitor the macroscopic deformation in a delaminated Ti 3 C 2 paper electrode in situ, during charge/discharge in a variety of aqueous electrolytes to examine the effect of the cation intercalation on the electrochemical behavior and mechanical response. The results show a strong dependence of the electrode deformation on cation size and charge. The electrode undergoes a large contraction during Li + , Na + or Mg 2 + intercalation, differentiating the Ti 3 C 2 paper from conventional electrodes where redox intercalation of ions (e.g. Li + ) into the bulk phase (e.g. graphite, silicon) results in volumetric expansion. This feature may explain the excellent rate performance and cyclability reported for MXenes. We 1 3 5 7 (J. Come), blackjm@ornl.gov (J.M. Black), mrl69@drexel.edu (M.R. Lukatskaya), naguibma@ornl.gov (M. Naguib), mbeidaghi@coe.drexel.edu (M. Beidaghi), rondinoneaj@ornl.gov (A.J. Rondinone), sergei2@ornl.gov (S.V. Kalinin), wesolowskid@ornl.gov (D.J. Wesolowski), gogotsi@drexel.edu (Y. Gogotsi), balken@ornl.gov (N. Balke).Nano Energy (]]]]) ], ]]]-]]] Please cite this article as: J. Come, et al., Controlling the actuation properties of MXene paper electrodes upon cation intercalation, Nano Energy (2015), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2015.07.028also demonstrated that the variation of the electromechanical contraction can be easily adjusted by electrolyte exchange, and shows interesting characteristics for the design of actuators based on 2D metal carbides.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Controlling the actuation properties of MXene paper electrodes upon cation intercalation

et al. 2015

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“…Also, the potential window was kept small enough to avoid intercalation effects which have been observed in similarly prepared porous FGS films at potentials beyond ± 1 V vs. open circuit. 30 All EIS measurements were carried out by starting at the most negative potentials and stepping the DC potential more positive.…”

Section: Acs Paragon Plus Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four-Fold Increase in the Intrinsic Capacitance of Graphene through Functionalization and Lattice Disorder

Pope

Aksay

2015

J. Phys. Chem. C

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Graphene has been heralded as a promising electrode material for high energy and power density electrochemical supercapacitors. This is in spite of recent work confirming the low double-layer capacitance (C DL ) of the graphene/electrolyte interface limited by graphene's low quantum capacitance (C Q ), an effect known for the basal-plane of graphite for over four decades. Consistent with this limit, much of the supercapacitor research implies the use of pristine graphene but, in contrast, uses a functionalized and defective graphene formed through the reduction of graphene oxide, without clarifying why reduced graphene oxide is needed to achieve high capacitance. Herein, we show that an optimal level of functionalization and lattice disorder in reduced graphene oxide yields a four-fold increase in C DL over that of pristine graphene, suggesting graphene-based materials can indeed be tailored to engineer electrodes with significantly higher gravimetric capacitance limits exceeding 450 F/g than what has been achieved (~ 274 F/g) thus far, even in non-aqueous electrolytes capable of high voltage operation. TOC GRAPHICS

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“…The latter effect results in a closer approach of the molecules to the electrode surface, the process of stripping itself representing a significant energy storage mechanism 6 . These results have driven research into the synthesis of novel carbon materials with a range of properties 10,11 and tuneable pore sizes 12 , and also highlight the importance of fully characterizing the behaviour of the ions, their interaction with the solvent and the electrode surface at the solidliquid interface for the elucidation of the mechanism behind the increased capacitance.…”

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confidence: 99%

Multinuclear in situ magnetic resonance imaging of electrochemical double-layer capacitors

et al. 2014

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The last decade has seen an intensified interest in the development and use of electrochemical double-layer capacitors, fuelled by the availability of new electrode materials. The use of nanoporous carbons, in particular, with extremely high surface areas for ion adsorption has enabled the development of working devices with significantly increased capacitances that have become viable alternatives to lithium-ion batteries in certain applications. An understanding of the charge storage mechanism and the ion dynamics inside the nanopores is only just emerging, with the most compelling evidence coming from simulation. Here we present the first in situ magnetic resonance imaging experiments of electrochemical double-layer capacitors. These experiments overcome the limitations of other techniques and give spatially resolved chemical information about the electrolyte ions in real time for a working capacitor of standard geometry. The results provide insight into the predominant capacitive processes occurring at different states of charge and discharge.

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Partially reduced graphite oxide for supercapacitor electrodes: Effect of graphene layer spacing and huge specific capacitance

Cited by 118 publications

References 9 publications

Controlling the actuation properties of MXene paper electrodes upon cation intercalation

Controlling the actuation properties of MXene paper electrodes upon cation intercalation

Four-Fold Increase in the Intrinsic Capacitance of Graphene through Functionalization and Lattice Disorder

Multinuclear in situ magnetic resonance imaging of electrochemical double-layer capacitors

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