Participants with Prolonged Grief—How Do They Benefit from Grief Group Participation?

Johnsen, Iren; Dyregrov, Atle; Dyregrov, Kari

doi:10.2190/om.65.2.a

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The results of the present study indicate that female parents, the subjective nonwealthy family economic status, older age of the parents at the time of child loss, and a short duration since child loss are associated with higher symptomatic severity of PGD. This study's regression analysis indicated that fewer years since loss, subjective perception of poor economic situation, and female gender were prominent risk factors for the development of PGD, which is compatible with the findings of many prior studies on the duration since child loss (Coelho et al, 2015;Heeke et al, 2015;Keesee et al, 2008;McCarthy et al, 2010;Schaal et al, 2010), family's economic status (McCarthy et al, 2010;Yi et al, 2018), and female gender (Johnsen et al, 2012;Lai et al, 2015;Morina et al, 2010;Neria et al, 2007;Schaal et al, 2014;Xiu et al, 2016). These risk factors are particularly valuable in screening for PGD in Shidu parents in the future.…”

Section: Strengths and Clinical Implicationssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Several studies have reported risk factors associated with the development of prolonged grief in different population samples, including gender, age (Chiambretto, Moroni, Guarnerio, Bertolotti, & Prigerson, 2010), time since loss (Chiambretto et al, 2010;Coelho, Delalibera, Barbosa, & Lawlor, 2015;Heeke, Stammel, & Knaevelsrud, 2015;Keesee et al, 2008;McCarthy et al, 2010;Schaal, Jacob, Dusingizemungu, & Elbert, 2010), cause of loss (Boelen, 2015;Keesee et al, 2008;McCarthy et al, 2010), family's economic status (McCarthy et al, 2010;Yi et al, 2018), religious beliefs (Schaal et al, 2014), emotional closeness to the deceased (Schaal et al, 2014); but produced inconsistent conclusions. For instance, some studies (Neria et al, 2007;Morina, Rudari, Bleichhardt, & Prigerson, 2010;Johnsen, Dyregrov, & Dyregrov, 2012;Schaal et al, 2014;Lai et al, 2015;Xiu et al, 2016;Yi et al, 2018, Yin, Shang, et al, 2018Yin, Sun, et al, 2018) found that the female gender was a predictor for prolonged grief, and one study (Li, Laursen, Precht, Olsen, & Mortensen, 2005) reported that bereaved mothers had a relatively high risk of being hospitalized for any psychiatric disorder as compared with bereaved fathers, while other authors reported no significant association between grief and gender (Boelen & van den Bout, 2005;Momartin, Silove, Manicavasagar, & Steel, 2004;Schaal et al, 2010). There is limited research about potential risks of PGD in the Chinese population (He et al, 2014), much less in Shidu parents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prolonged grief disorder in Chinese Shidu parents who have lost their only child

Zhang

Shang²,

Wu³

et al. 2020

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: China has the largest population of '"loss-of-only-child' parents, that are also known as Shidu parents in Chinese society; however, little is known about their unresolved grief. Objective: This is the first study to examine the grief symptoms, prevalence, comorbidity and potential predictors of prolonged grief disorder (PGD) in such parents, taking into consideration that the new PGD diagnostic criteria ICD-11 will soon be implemented in China. Methods: 149 Shidu parents completed assessments of PGD (PG-13), PTSD (PCL-C), depression (CES-D) and general psychiatric morbidity (GHQ-12) via in-person interviews. Results: Of the 149 Shidu parents, 22.2% met the PGD criteria, with a mean of 7.59 years post-loss, and 62.4% experienced daily longing or yearning. Regression analysis indicated that fewer years since loss, subjective perception of poor economic situation, female gender and more hospital visits were prominent risk factors for the development of PGD. Older age of the parents at the time of child loss was also associated with PGD. Parents with PGD had higher comorbidity of PTSD or depression compared with those without PGD. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of PGD and a high rate of comorbidity between PGD and PTSD or depression in Shidu parents in China, which highlights the need of timely developing effective assessments and interventions to prevent PGD in this population, particularly in female, recently bereaved, low-income and aged parents who lost their only child.

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Section: Strengths and Clinical Implicationssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged grief disorder in Chinese Shidu parents who have lost their only child

Zhang

Shang²,

Wu³

et al. 2020

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Thus, it changes the way distressing thoughts are processed rather than addressing the content. This bodes well for treating grief in a group setting, as individuals with PGD have been found to be less satisfied with group participation due to co-rumination (conversations with others about the loss) 38. The intervention comprised six, 2-hour sessions, 1 day per week.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A pilot randomised controlled trial of metacognitive therapy for prolonged grief

et al. 2019

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ObjectivesProlonged grief disorder is associated with significant distress and impairment and thus efforts to improve treatments are essential. The present pilot study tested the efficacy and feasibility of group Metacognitive Grief Therapy (MCGT) designed specifically for prolonged grief symptomatology to reduce the psychological distress and impaired function resulting from bereavement.Design/participantsTwenty-two bereaved adult participants with prolonged grief symptomatology were randomised to a wait-list control (n=10) or an intervention condition (n=12) with a 3-month and 6-month follow-up. The wait-list control group was offered treatment after the post-test assessment.InterventionParticipants attended six group MCGT sessions that ran for 2 hours per week.Outcome measuresA primary outcome measure of prolonged grief symptomatology and secondary outcome measures of depression, anxiety, rumination, metacognitive beliefs and quality of life were taken pretreatment and post-treatment for both groups and at the 3-month and 6-month follow-up for the intervention group. A Generalised Linear Mixed Model was used to assess treatment efficacy.ResultsPost-treatment intent-to-treat analyses showed MCGT reduced prolonged grief symptomatology (Cohen’s d=1.7), depression (d=1.3), anxiety (d=0.8), stress (d=1.0), rumination (d=0.9) and increased quality of life (d=0.6), and these effects were maintained at the 3-month and 6-month follow-ups. No prepost between-group differences were found in metacognitive beliefs. However, a large significant effect was identified at the 3-month and 6-month follow-ups (d=1.0).ConclusionThe results show promise for the utility of group MCGT for reducing psychological distress and promoting quality of life. Additionally, the results underscore the need for a full randomised controlled trial of group MCGT, which may be an important addition to the treatment armamentarium available to support people with prolonged grief.Trial registration numberACTRN12613001270707; Results.Original protocol BMJ Open 2015;5:e007221. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007221

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“…As was reflected both in the interviews as well as in the PG-13 measures in the quantitative part, participants who were less satisfied with grief group participation than the rest of the participants also had the highest level of PGD (Johnsen et al, 2012). Lack of realistic expectations resulted in some of them turning down offers of trauma-specific help and entering grief groups instead.…”

Section: Screening Is Needed For Traumatized Bereavedmentioning

confidence: 96%

Participants' Recommendations for the Ideal Grief Group: A Qualitative Study

Dyregrov

Johnsen

2013

Omega (Westport)

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Based on the results from the qualitative part of the study "Grief Groups in Norway" conducted in 2009-2011, this article focuses on grief group participants' recommendations for good or ideal grief groups. Participants have insightful observations about grief groups and how they can be improved, and taking their point of view seriously is one important way of ensuring that users of such group get an optimal experience from joining such groups. Using their experiences to adjust the structure and function of the groups, one can allow for practical solutions for organizations that have difficulties starting up grief support groups, for example, in areas where the population density is low. A major finding in this study was that grief group participants stressed the importance of thorough information before and at the start of grief groups. This concerned information about the aim, structure, organization, and possible effects and limitations of group participation.

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Participants with Prolonged Grief—How Do They Benefit from Grief Group Participation?

Cited by 17 publications

References 28 publications

Prolonged grief disorder in Chinese Shidu parents who have lost their only child

Prolonged grief disorder in Chinese Shidu parents who have lost their only child

A pilot randomised controlled trial of metacognitive therapy for prolonged grief

Participants' Recommendations for the Ideal Grief Group: A Qualitative Study

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