Participation of Low-, Medium- And High-Educated Adults in Lifelong Learning: Psychosocial Factors as Barriers

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“…Participants in a study by Cieslik and Simpson (2015) shared their experiences of repeated daily reminders of their low literacy skills and how they felt that this directly influenced life decisions, their current low social standing, and access to resources (see also Greenberg et al, 2013;Jenkins, 2021;MacGregor & Ryan, 2011;Marcotte, 2008). Indeed, skill levels in literacy and numeracy not only affect the motivating factors for a return to education (Boeren, 2017;Jenkins, 2021;Nieuwenhove & Wever, 2022), but are also a predictor of completion, as returning adults with higher math and literacy levels are more likely to complete their ABE program (Greenberg et al, 2013). Personal skills, such as having strong coping strategies, and identifying as strong, confident, and assertive were also factors that students identified as contributing to persistence in adult education, as was determination (Castles, 2004;Markle, 2015).…”

Modeling Determinants of Lifelong Learning According to the Theory of Planned Behavior: A Proxy-Based Approach Using PIAAC Data

“…Furthermore, these studies considered participants’ intention but not the actual performance of the behavior, and focused on specific courses or forms of learning instead of general formal, non-formal, or informal LLL (e.g., intention to participate in blended learning in Anthony Jnr et al, 2020; intention to learn Artificial Intelligence in Chai et al, 2020; intention to participate in mobile learning in Cheon et al, 2012; intention to participate in math workshops for teacher professional learning in Dunn et al, 2018; intention to use e-learning to participate in continuing medical education in Hadadgar et al, 2016; intention to continue using an e-learning website in Liao et al, 2011). Beyond that, there are initial results by Van Nieuwenhove and De Wever (2021) who applied TPB to predict more general LLL intentions in the next 12 months based on a sample of 23–65-year-old adults ( N = 335). None of these studies used the revised TPB by modeling perceived behavioral control as moderator.…”