Particle breakage and the critical state of sand

Ghafghazi, Mason; Shuttle, Dawn; DeJong, Jason T.

doi:10.1016/j.sandf.2014.04.016

Cited by 140 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…13. Within the slight scatter of the data, there is no evidence of any significant particle breakage as would be typical for sands (e.g., Ghafghazi et al, 2014). For the SPF soil, the test that would be expected to be the most prone to breakage would be PS37, which was a drained constant radial stress test at an effective confining pressure of 2.3 MPa, but it is clear that there is none, which is perhaps surprising given that 75% of the sample is sand.…”

Section: Final Particle Size Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Transitional behaviour in sands with plastic and non-plastic fines

Shipton

Coop

2015

Soils and Foundations

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Two model soils, one made from sand with plastic fines and one made from sand with non-plastic fines, were tested in a triaxial apparatus to examine the basic mechanics of transitional soils, that is, soils whose initial density has a very strong influence on the behaviour. The sand with non-plastic fines defined parallel critical state lines and state boundary surfaces at the medium strain levels that can be reached in triaxial testing, the locations of which depended on the initial specific volume of the soil when it was created. Overconsolidating the soil, or shearing it a second time at an increased stress level, was not found to change this behaviour. There was also no significant effect of the initial specific volume on the soil stiffness, which was predominantly a function of the current stress level for normally consolidated states. A variety of different sample preparation methods was used, but the methods did not have any clear influence on the critical state volumes. Although the testing for the sand with non-plastic fines was more limited in extent, the patterns of behaviour seemed to be similar. The relationships between the initial specific volume and the critical state line intercept, Γ, gave gradients of 0.52 and 0.97 for the sands with plastic and non-plastic fines, respectively, showing significant differences in volume remaining after isotropic compression and monotonic compressive shearing.

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Section: Final Particle Size Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Transitional behaviour in sands with plastic and non-plastic fines

Shipton

Coop

2015

Soils and Foundations

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“…Under these two stresses, deformations of the tailings' micro-structure could occur, including pore contracture, rotation of the particles' long axes to the best shear direction, particle slippage and particle crushing, as described in Section 4.3 and [35]. Fine tailings have been ground more thoroughly during mineral processing, making them nearly spherical.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loading Capacity and Deformation Characteristics of Tailings Based on a Fractal Geometrical Analysis of the Particle Microstructure

et al. 2015

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Abstract:The failure of a tailing dam occurs due to damage to the particles' micro-structure. Understanding the deformation characteristics of the particle' micro-structure is important for understanding the mechanics of instability in tailing dams. In our study, a series of experiments was conducted using a testing apparatus for micro-mechanics and the deformation of tailings from the Huangcaoping tailing pond, Sichuan Province, China to investigate the loading capacity, micro-structure and deformation features of tailing particles. The latter two were analyzed quantitatively using concepts from fractal geometry. The results demonstrate that: (1) the structural loading capacity of tailings increases first and then decreases slightly with increasing particle size; (2) the particle micro-structure of the four tailing samples from the Huangcaoping tailing pond is described in terms of the fractal dimension based on the perimeter and area (D-value), which is between 1.288 and 1.533; (3) as the axial stress increases, the D-value gradually decreases along a wavy line with a decreasing rate of change; (4) under the same axial strain, the D-value first OPEN ACCESSMinerals 2015, 5 87 decreases and later increases slightly as the particle size increases; and (5) the number of fractured particles increases with the particle size.

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“…) and applied engineering (e.g. Karimpour and Lade ; Vilhar, Jovičić and Coop ; Ghafghazi, Shuttle and DeJong ). In the oil industry, these processes are very important since they are associated with the production and migration of fines and connected to: (a) the onset of adverse hydrodynamic conditions resulting in low production yields (Chuhan et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Karner et al 2003) and applied engineering (e.g. Karimpour and Lade 2010;Vilhar, Jovičić and Coop 2013;Ghafghazi, Shuttle and DeJong 2014). In the oil industry, these processes are very important since they are associated with the production and migration of fines and connected to: (a) the onset of adverse hydrodynamic conditions resulting in low production yields (Chuhan et al 2002); (b) the unsuitable performance of proppant materials (Reinicke et al 2010;Zheng and Tannant 2016); or (c) the production challenges related to steam-assisted gravity drainage during tertiary recovery in deep oil sands (Agar, Morgenstern and Scott 1987;Delage et al 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

Acoustic emission processes occurring during high‐pressure sand compaction

Muñoz‐Ibáñez

Delgado‐Martín

Grande‐García

2018

Geophysical Prospecting

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Granular materials submitted to uniaxial compression undergo pore space reduction due to mechanisms such as particle rearrangement and grain crushing. These changes in the internal structure of the material release energy in the form of elastic waves that can be detected by sensors sensitive to acoustic emission. In this study, Acoustic emission monitoring with a wavelet‐based signal processing technique is used to identify the various mechanisms occurring during high‐pressure sand compaction. Particle movement, grain failure, friction between grains and the surface of the compression cell and intergranular friction are studied. Acoustic emission data recorded during these simplified tests are used to characterize each phenomenon. Wavelet transform analyses allow the identification of useful features, making possible frequency discrimination among sliding, rolling, friction and grain fragmentation processes. For instance, we observe that at low stress, grain flow is characterized by the lowest centroid and peak frequencies, while at greater stresses, intergranular friction and grain fragmentation have the higher values. In the tests performed, the stress–strain evolution and final condition of the tested sand are broadly consistent, irrespective of the condition employed: continuous, stepwise or even variable loading rate or temperature. However, Acoustic emission data manifest much more complex behaviour (including thermal, load‐rate dependency and delayed fragmentation phenomena) than that suggested by stress–strain relationships. At low stress levels, grain flow (sliding/rolling) is a relevant strain‐accommodation mechanism, but so is crushing due to the effect of concentrated forces at the grain contact level. At high stresses, when crushing is generalized, intergranular friction is also a relevant phenomenon due to the increase in the coordination number produced by previous fragmentation.

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Particle breakage and the critical state of sand

Cited by 140 publications

References 33 publications

Transitional behaviour in sands with plastic and non-plastic fines

Transitional behaviour in sands with plastic and non-plastic fines

Loading Capacity and Deformation Characteristics of Tailings Based on a Fractal Geometrical Analysis of the Particle Microstructure

Acoustic emission processes occurring during high‐pressure sand compaction

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