Particle deposition in the pulmonary region of the human lung: A semi-empirical model of single breath transport and deposition

Park, S.S.; Wexler, Anthony S.

doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2006.11.009

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…However, nonuniform velocity profiles and flow through the bifurcation structure enhance aerosol transport and increase delivery to the lower airways. (50) As a result, sufficient alveolar deposition is realized with the current delivery approach. Delivery efficiency to the lower lung will significantly decrease for smaller infants using the same system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Delivery of Aerosols to Infants During Mechanical Ventilation

Longest

Azimi

Hindle

2014

Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery

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Purpose: The objective of this study was to determine optimal aerosol delivery conditions for a full-term (3.6 kg) infant receiving invasive mechanical ventilation by evaluating the effects of aerosol particle size, a new wye connector, and timing of aerosol delivery. Methods: In vitro experiments used a vibrating mesh nebulizer and evaluated drug deposition fraction and emitted dose through ventilation circuits containing either a commercial (CM) or new streamlined (SL) wye connector and 3-mm endotracheal tube (ETT) for aerosols with mass median aerodynamic diameters of 880 nm, 1.78 lm, and 4.9 lm. The aerosol was released into the circuit either over the full inhalation cycle (T1 delivery) or over the first half of inhalation (T2 delivery). Validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and whole-lung model predictions were used to assess lung deposition and exhaled dose during cyclic ventilation. Results:In vitro experiments at a steady-state tracheal flow rate of 5 L/min resulted in 80-90% transmission of the 880-nm and 1.78-lm aerosols from the ETT. Based on CFD simulations with cyclic ventilation, the SL wye design reduced depositional losses in the wye by a factor of approximately 2-4 and improved lung delivery efficiencies by a factor of approximately 2 compared with the CM device. Delivery of the aerosol over the first half of the inspiratory cycle (T2) reduced exhaled dose from the ventilation circuit by a factor of 4 compared with T1 delivery. Optimal lung deposition was achieved with the SL wye connector and T2 delivery, resulting in 45% and 60% lung deposition for optimal polydisperse (*1.78 lm) and monodisperse (*2.5 lm) particle sizes, respectively. Conclusions: Optimization of selected factors and use of a new SL wye connector can substantially increase the lung delivery efficiency of medical aerosols to infants from current values of < 1-10% to a range of 45-60%.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Delivery of Aerosols to Infants During Mechanical Ventilation

Longest

Azimi

Hindle

2014

Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery

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“…Accounting for dispersion results in a small decrease in the conducting airway deposition fraction and a much larger increase in the pulmonary region, since axial streaming causes particles to penetrate deeper into the lung (Sarangapani & Wexler, 2000). In this model, particles stream into the lung during inhalation with an effective particle transport profile that is somewhat sharper than laminar, parabolic (an exponent value of 1.7 fits the data, whereas a parabolic profile has an exponent of 2, see Park & Wexler, 2007), and these inhaled particles stream and mix out of the lung during exhalation with an effective transport profile that is much blunter than parabolic due to the quadruple vortices at the bifurcations (an exponent of 5 fits the data, see Park & Wexler, 2007). This semi-empirical model approximates particle dispersion on consecutive breathing cycles without intensive computation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…From the previous work (Park & Wexler, 2007), effective particle transport profiles on inhalation and exhalation, and cumulative mixing intensity as a function of lung depth were obtained by adjusting model parameters to experimental data of Brand, Rieger, Schulz, Beinert, and Heyder (1997). The relative role of streaming and mixing processes to dispersion during inhalation critically determines how far inhaled particles are transported and consequently where in the pulmonary region the particles deposit (Edwards, 1994;Sarangapani & Wexler, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle deposition in the pulmonary region of the human lung: Multiple breath aerosol transport and deposition

Park

Wexler

2007

Journal of Aerosol Science

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“…They are emitted into atmospheric environment. These inhalable particles in air can enter the human blood circulation by penetrated deeply into the alveolus of respiratory system, which can cause cardiovascular disease and chronic bronchitis [1]. The inhalable particles do great harm to human health because they are commonly enriched with heavy metal (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupling effect of surfactant sprays and gas jet on inhalable particle agglomeration

Liu¹,

Sun²,

Qin³

et al. 2015

Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Material, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering

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Abstract. Inhalable particles are harmful to public health and cause serious environmental problems. In this paper, surfactant sprays and gas jet were introduced into the agglomeration chamber to encourage the agglomeration of inhalable particles. The coupling effect of double gas jet and surfactant spray could remove 51.3% of inhalable particles. The mass mean diameter increased from 3.5 μm to 5.1 μm, 5.7 μm and 8.7 μm under the action of surfactant spry, double jet and the coupling effect, respectively. Surfactant species had a remarkable influence on particle agglomeration. Non-ionic surfactant, OP-10, could remove more than 50% of inhalable particles. Increasing the concentration of surfactant agents could result in the incremental removal efficiency of inhalable particles. In double gas jet experiment, when gas jet located in asymmetrical sites, more inhalable particles were removed.

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Particle deposition in the pulmonary region of the human lung: A semi-empirical model of single breath transport and deposition

Cited by 28 publications

References 54 publications

Optimal Delivery of Aerosols to Infants During Mechanical Ventilation

Optimal Delivery of Aerosols to Infants During Mechanical Ventilation

Particle deposition in the pulmonary region of the human lung: Multiple breath aerosol transport and deposition

Coupling effect of surfactant sprays and gas jet on inhalable particle agglomeration

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