Particle entrainment in dead-end pores by diffusiophoresis

Battat, Sarah; Ault, Jesse T.; Shin, Sangwoo; Khodaparast, Sepideh; Stone, Howard A.

doi:10.1039/c9sm00427k

Cited by 50 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…analyzed data; and I.W., A.A., R.P.S., and G.B. wrote the paper.y objects and transport materials more quickly than is possible via diffusion alone (5,7,10,16,26,36,39). And, if human beings are exploiting this effect, it is incredibly unlikely that it is not also employed by nature to efficiently transport material within and between cells and across membranes and barriers (40)(41)(42).…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Diffusioosmotic and convective flows induced by a nonelectrolyte concentration gradient

Williams

Lee

Apriceno

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Glucose is an important energy source in our bodies, and its consumption results in gradients over length scales ranging from the subcellular to entire organs. Concentration gradients can drive material transport through both diffusioosmosis and convection. Convection arises because concentration gradients are mass density gradients. Diffusioosmosis is fluid flow induced by the interaction between a solute and a solid surface. A concentration gradient parallel to a surface creates an osmotic pressure gradient near the surface, resulting in flow. Diffusioosmosis is well understood for electrolyte solutes, but is more poorly characterized for nonelectrolytes such as glucose. We measure fluid flow in glucose gradients formed in a millimeter-long thin channel and find that increasing the gradient causes a crossover from diffusioosmosis-dominated to convection-dominated flow. We cannot explain this with established theories of these phenomena which predict that both scale linearly. In our system, the convection speed is linear in the gradient, but the diffusioosmotic speed has a much weaker concentration dependence and is large even for dilute solutions. We develop existing models and show that a strong surface–solute interaction, a heterogeneous surface, and accounting for a concentration-dependent solution viscosity can explain our data. This demonstrates how sensitive nonelectrolyte diffusioosmosis is to surface and solution properties and to surface–solute interactions. A comprehensive understanding of this sensitivity is required to understand transport in biological systems on length scales from micrometers to millimeters where surfaces are invariably complex and heterogeneous.

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Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the surface is a stationary wall instead of the surface of a freely suspended particle, the fluid motion is called diffusisoosmosis (D O ) (24,25), and when it is along a pore it is what Anderson and Malone (23) call osmotic flow. In a sealed, thin-channel geometry, D O flow along the walls can set fluid into circulating motion (26,27).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusioosmotic and convective flows induced by a nonelectrolyte concentration gradient

Williams

Lee

Apriceno

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…In particular, the latter, which in general can feature neutral (chemi-phoretic) as well as charged (electrophoretic) contributions, can develop in a surprisingly wide variety of physical phenomena. Key applications of this important and abundant transport mechanism range from micro-fluidics to wastewater treatment [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Recently, it has attracted additional interest as an important underlying mechanism for chemo-taxis [17][18][19], non-equilibrium self-assembly [20][21][22][23] and artificial micro-swimming [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32], where a e-mail: namoelle@uni-mainz.de (corresponding author) the gradients are self-generated locally and thus allow for self-organized, persistent directed motion [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shaping the gradients driving phoretic micro-swimmers: influence of swimming speed, budget of carbonic acid and environment

2021

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pH gradient-driven modular micro-swimmers are investigated as a model for a large variety of quasi-two-dimensional chemi-phoretic self-propelled entities. Using three-channel micro-photometry, we obtain a precise large field mapping of pH at a spatial resolution of a few microns and a pH resolution of $$\sim 0.02~\hbox {pH}$$ ∼ 0.02 pH units for swimmers of different velocities propelling on two differently charged substrates. We model our results in terms of solutions of the three-dimensional advection–diffusion equation for a 1:1 electrolyte, i.e. carbonic acid, which is produced by ion exchange and consumed by equilibration with dissolved $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ CO 2 . We demonstrate the dependence of gradient shape and steepness on swimmer speed, diffusivity of chemicals, as well as the fuel budget. Moreover, we experimentally observe a subtle, but significant feedback of the swimmer’s immediate environment in terms of a substrate charge-mediated solvent convection. We discuss our findings in view of different recent results from other micro-fluidic or active matter investigations. We anticipate that they are relevant for quantitative modelling and targeted applications of diffusio-phoretic flows in general and artificial micro-swimmers in particular. Graphic Abstract

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“…In the presence of a solute gradient, particles will spontaneously migrate along the concentration gradient due to diffusiophoresis 26,29 . Diffusiophoresis offers much higher transport rates than regular diffusion and has been used for efficient filling of dead-end channels [30][31][32] , water filtration 33 , colloidal particle accumulation 34 , and active collective colloidal behavior 30,35,36 . For a Debye length comparable to the particle size, the diffusiophoretic velocity shows much higher particle size dependence than its electrophoretic counterpart, and it can thus be utilized for size-dependent separation of nanoparticles 30 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Size and surface charge characterization of nanoparticles with a salt gradient

2020

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Exosomes are nanometer-sized lipid vesicles present in liquid biopsies and used as biomarkers for several diseases including cancer, Alzheimer's, and central nervous system diseases. Purification and subsequent size and surface characterization are essential to exosome-based diagnostics. Sample purification is, however, time consuming and potentially damaging, and no current method gives the size and zeta potential from a single measurement. Here, we concentrate exosomes from a dilute solution and measure their size and zeta potential in a one-step measurement with a salt gradient in a capillary channel. The salt gradient causes oppositely directed particle and fluid transport that trap particles. Within minutes, the particle concentration increases more than two orders of magnitude. A fit to the spatial distribution of a single or an ensemble of exosomes returns both their size and surface charge. Our method is applicable for other types of nanoparticles. The capillary is fabricated in a low-cost polymer device.

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Particle entrainment in dead-end pores by diffusiophoresis

Abstract: We determine the mechanism by which individual particles cross streamlines to become entrained in dead-end pores by diffusiophoresis.

Cited by 50 publications

References 23 publications

Diffusioosmotic and convective flows induced by a nonelectrolyte concentration gradient

Diffusioosmotic and convective flows induced by a nonelectrolyte concentration gradient

Shaping the gradients driving phoretic micro-swimmers: influence of swimming speed, budget of carbonic acid and environment

Size and surface charge characterization of nanoparticles with a salt gradient

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