Particularities of Oxidative Stress in Newborns

Abstract

The oxidative stress at newborns is augmented by different conditions like preterm birth, asphyxia, respiratory distress, and intraventricular hemorrhage. Preterm neonates associate a more pronounced oxidative stress than healthy term newborns. Several neonatal conditions like respiratory distress (RDS), asphyxia, intraventricular hemorrhage, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy, and necrotizing enterocolitis will increase the oxidative stress. The harmful effects of free radicals are linked to their capacity to react with polyunsaturated fatty acids of cell membranes, proteins, and nucleic acids. Free radicals will produce protein alteration with function loss and lipid peroxidation.

Oxidative Stress and Neonatal Respiratory Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

“…Lipid peroxidation, caused by increased ROS and RNS, is linked to many acute and chronic diseases of adulthood such as MOF, hemorrhagic and septic shock, ARDS, acute lung injury, cardiovascular pathology requiring surgery, aging, atherosclerosis, Parkinson, Alzheimer, diabetes mellitus, cataracts and rheumatoid arthritis, and several diseases of the neonatal period (Takeda et al, 1984; Hammond and Hess, 1985; Bertrand et al, 1989; Richard et al, 1990; Quinlan et al, 1996; Carpenter et al, 1998; Lamb et al, 1999; Motoyama et al, 2003; Comporti et al, 2004; Quinlan et al, 2004; Fläring et al, 2005; Laplace et al, 2005; Niki et al, 2005; Saugstad, 2005; Huet et al, 2007; Signorini et al, 2008; Giustarini et al, 2009; Briones and Touyz, 2010; Giacco and Brownlee, 2010; Khaper et al, 2010; Romano et al, 2010; Barrera et al, 2018; Maiorino et al, 2018; Mátyás and Zaharie, 2018; Moore et al, 2018; Orban and Singer, 2018; Perrone et al, 2018; Romano et al, 2018).…”

“…Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the genesis of tissue damage during an ECMO procedure, and newborns are particularly prone to the toxic effects of free radicals, due to the immaturity of their antioxidant systems resulting in lowered detoxification capacity (Comporti et al, 2004; Castellheim et al, 2005; Saugstad, 2005; Mishra et al, 2008; Signorini et al, 2008; Afolayan et al, 2012, 2015; Annagür et al, 2015; Asci et al, 2015; Mokra et al, 2015; Aras-López et al, 2016; Mikolka et al, 2016; Mátyás and Zaharie, 2018; Moore et al, 2018; Perrone et al, 2018). The inflammatory response following the introduction of ECC generates a high amount of ROS contemporarily reducing endogenous antioxidants (Descamps-Latscha, 2001; Goodyear-Bruch and Pierce, 2002; Karu et al, 2010).…”