Particulate air pollution, fetal growth and gestational length: The influence of residential mobility in pregnancy

Pereira, Gavin; Bracken, Michael B.; Bell, Michelle L.

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2016.02.001

Cited by 74 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…As a result, the use of hospital referral region as a surrogate may have helped by accounting for some local mobility both in day-to-day travels and residential moves which occurred within the same delivery hospital referral region. We note that another study on air pollution and fetal growth found that residential mobility did not substantively change effect estimates (Pereira et al, 2016). On the other hand, although we fused model-based exposures to observed monitor records and population-weighted our data to improve accuracy for air pollution measures, the use of average pollutant and temperature exposure across a geographic area as a proxy for residential exposure likely resulted in lower variability and biased our findings towards the null.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

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Ambient temperature and air quality in relation to small for gestational age and term low birthweight

Zhu

Liu

et al. 2017

Environmental Research

102

104

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Background Exposures to extreme ambient temperature and air pollution are linked to adverse birth outcomes, but the associations with small for gestational age (SGA) and term low birthweight (tLBW) are unclear. We aimed to investigate exposures to site-specific temperature extremes and selected criteria air pollutants in relation to SGA and tLBW. Methods We linked medical records of 220,572 singleton births (2002–2008) from 12 US sites to local temperature estimated by the Weather Research and Forecasting model, and air pollution estimated by modified Community Multiscale Air Quality models. Exposures to hot (>95th percentile) and cold (<5th percentile) were defined using site-specific distributions of daily temperature over three-month preconception, each trimester, and whole-pregnancy. Average concentrations of five criteria air pollutants and six fine particulate matter constituents were also calculated for these pregnancy windows. Poisson regression with generalized estimating equations calculated the relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals for SGA (weight <10th percentile conditional on gestational age and sex) and tLBW (≥37 weeks and <2,500 grams) associated with an interquartile range increment of air pollutants, and cold or hot compared to mild (5–95th percentile) temperature. Models were adjusted for maternal demographics, lifestyle, and clinical factors, season, and site. Results Compared to mild temperature, cold exposure during trimester 2 [RR: 1.21 (1.05–1.38)], trimester 3 [RR: 1.18 (1.03–1.36)], and whole-pregnancy [RR: 2.57 (2.27–2.91)]; and hot exposure during trimester 3 [RR: 1.31 (1.15–1.50)] and whole-pregnancy [RR: 2.49 (2.20–2.83)] increased tLBW risk. No consistent association was observed between temperature and SGA. Air pollutant analyses were generally null but preconception elemental carbon was associated with a 4% increase in SGA while dust particles increased tLBW by 10%. Particulate matter ≤10 microns in the second trimester and whole pregnancy also appeared related to tLBW. Conclusions: Our findings suggest prenatal exposures to extreme ambient temperature relative to usual environment may increase tLBW risk. Given concerns related to climate change, these findings merit further investigation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…With respect to air pollution, in Connecticut, USA, PM 10 exposures during the second trimester and whole pregnancy period were associated with both SGA and tLBW, independent of residential mobility (Pereira et al, 2016). However, we found no evidence of association of any outcome with PM 10 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient temperature and air quality in relation to small for gestational age and term low birthweight

Zhu

Liu

et al. 2017

Environmental Research

102

104

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“…We also cannot access maternal residential history; some mothers could move during pregnancy, leading to exposure misclassification. A recent study, however, found that changes in effect estimates were negligible even after taking account for maternal mobility (44). Second, attention should be paid to some variables (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to coarse particulate matter during gestation and birth weight in the U.S.

Berman

Bell

2016

Environment International

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Few studies have explored the relationship between coarse particles (PM10-2.5) and adverse birth outcomes. We examined associations between gestational exposure of PM10-2.5 and birth weight. U.S. birth certificates data (1999-2007) were acquired for 8,017,865 births. Gestational and trimester exposures of PM10-2.5 were estimated using co-located PM10 and PM2.5 monitors ≤ 35 km from the population-weighted centroid of mothers’ residential counties. A linear regression model was applied, adjusted by potential confounders. As sensitivity analyses, we explored alternative PM10-2.5 estimations, adjustment for PM2.5, and stratification by regions. Gestational exposure to PM10-2.5 was associated with 6.6 g (95% Confidence Interval: 5.9, 7.2) lower birth weight per interquartile range increase (7.8 μg/m3) in PM10-2.5 exposures. All three trimesters showed associations. Under different exposure methods for PM10-2.5, associations remained consistent but with different magnitudes. Results were robust after adjusting for PM2.5, and regional analyses showed associations in all four regions with larger estimates in the South. Our results suggest that PM10-2.5 is associated with birth weight in addition to PM2.5. Regional heterogeneity may reflect differences in population, measurement error, region-specific emission pattern, or different chemical composition within PM10-2.5. Most countries do not set health-based standards for PM10-2.5, but our findings indicate potentially important health effects of PM10-2.5.

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“…For example, maternal residential mobility may introduce measurement error when exposures are assigned based upon address at delivery, 27,28 although a recent study suggests this impact may be limited. 29 For mothers who do not move during pregnancy, the assignment of each birth record to a location at the resolution of census block group potentially introduces exposure misclassification because this location may not well reflect the daily activity pattern of the mother. Although the spatiotemporal modeling framework provides more spatially refined estimates of exposure than using assignment to values at a central site, the 1km grid cannot capture fine-scale gradients below this resolution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement Error Correction for Predicted Spatiotemporal Air Pollution Exposures

et al. 2017

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Background Air pollution cohort studies are frequently analyzed in two stages, first modeling exposure then using predicted exposures to estimate health effects in a second regression model. The difference between predicted and unobserved true exposures introduces a form of measurement error in the second stage health model. Recent methods for spatial data correct for measurement error with a bootstrap and by requiring the study design ensure spatial compatibility, i.e., monitor and subject locations are drawn from the same spatial distribution. These methods have not previously been applied to spatiotemporal exposure data. Methods We analyzed the association between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and birth weight in the U.S. state of Georgia using records with estimated date of conception during 2002–2005 (n=403,881). We predicted trimester-specific PM2.5 exposure using a complex spatiotemporal exposure model. To improve spatial compatibility, we restricted to mothers residing in counties with a PM2.5 monitor (n=180,440). We accounted for additional measurement error via a non-parametric bootstrap. Results Third-trimester PM2.5 exposure was associated with lower birth weight in the uncorrected (−2.4g per 1 μg/m3 difference in exposure; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: −3.9, −0.8) and bootstrap-corrected (−2.5g, 95% CI: −4.2, −0.8) analyses. Results for the unrestricted analysis were attenuated (−0.66g, 95% CI: −1.7, 0.35). Conclusions This study presents a novel application of measurement error correction for spatiotemporal air pollution exposures. Our results demonstrate the importance of spatial compatibility between monitor and subject locations and provide evidence of the association between air pollution exposure and birth weight.

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Particulate air pollution, fetal growth and gestational length: The influence of residential mobility in pregnancy

Cited by 74 publications

References 27 publications

Ambient temperature and air quality in relation to small for gestational age and term low birthweight

Ambient temperature and air quality in relation to small for gestational age and term low birthweight

Exposure to coarse particulate matter during gestation and birth weight in the U.S.

Measurement Error Correction for Predicted Spatiotemporal Air Pollution Exposures

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