Particulate emissions from gasoline vehicles using three different fuel injection technologies

Lv, Zongyan; Peng, Jianfei; Zhang, Jinsheng; Yang, Liu; Guo, Dongping; Wei, Ning; Wu, Yajun; Fang, Tiange; Song, Ainan; Fan, Chengyu; Wu, Lin; Zhang, Qi‐Jun; Mao, Hongjun

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138123

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…It is demonstrated that PN emissions for GDI engines were 12 times and 8 times higher than PFI engines during cold and warm starts. Higher PN emissions for GID engines have been observed in numerous previous laboratory test results [10,12,[25][26][27]. Typically, GDI engines employ direct fuel injection into the combustion chamber to reduce the time available for mixture preparation and generate more partially rich fuel zones, thereby enhancing PN production [28].…”

Section: Effect Of Technology Upgrades On Pn Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Emission Characteristics of Particle Number from Conventional Gasoline and Hybrid Vehicles

Zhang,

Yang,

2023

Sustainability

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Vehicular particle number (PN) emissions have garnered increasing attention. In this study, nine light-duty vehicles, involving conventional internal combustion engine gasoline vehicles (ICEVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), underwent testing on a chassis dynamometer to elucidate key factors influencing PN emissions. We found that with more stringent emission standards Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) vehicles exhibited a reduction in PN emission factors. Higher PN emissions for GDI vehicles than vehicles with Multi-Port Fuel Injection (PFI) engines were observed; meanwhile, HEV showed lower PN emissions than ICEVs. PN emissions for cold start consistently exceeded warm start across vehicles with different standards and technologies. Notably, China VI HEV exhibited a substantial 19.2-fold increase in PN emissions for cold start compared to warm start. Analysis on a second-by-second basis revealed that cold-start emissions concentrated in low speed, while warm-start emissions were prominent in extra-high speed. Concerning vehicle specific power (VSP), the lowest mean PN emission rate occurred during idle conditions. PN emissions for China IV-VI ICEVs with GDI engines would increase with the increasing VSP, whereas China VI ICEVs with PFI engines and HEV with GDI engines showed varied patterns of PN emissions, especially under cold start. Our study would further facilitate formulating effective strategies for vehicular PN emissions.

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Section: Effect Of Technology Upgrades On Pn Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Emission Characteristics of Particle Number from Conventional Gasoline and Hybrid Vehicles

Zhang,

Yang,

2023

Sustainability

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“…The MI vehicle showed much lower particle number emissions in the lowmedium and high-speed phases than the other two. Only commercially available motor gasoline was used during the tests, and no renewable fuel was used [42].…”

Section: Particle Number Tests On Otto-enginesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle Number Concentration and SEM-EDX Analyses of an Auxiliary Heating Device in Operation with Different Fossil and Renewable Fuel

Nagy,

Szabó,

Zsoldos

et al. 2024

Inventions

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Pollution from road vehicles enters the air environment from many sources. One such source could be if the vehicle is equipped with an auxiliary heater. They can be classified according to whether they work with diesel or gasoline and whether they heat water or air. The subject of our research series is an additional heating system that heats the air, the original fuel is gasoline. This device has been built up in a modern engine test bench, where the environmental parameters can be controlled. The length of the test cycle was chosen to be 30 min. The tested fuels were E10, E30, E100 and B7. A 30-min operating period has been chosen in the NORMAL operating mode of the device as a test cycle. The focus of the tests was particle number concentration and soot composition. The results of the particle number concentration showed that renewable fuel content significantly reduces the number concentration of the emitted particles (9.56 × 108 #/cycle for E10 vs. 1.65 × 108 #/cycle for E100), while B7 causes a significantly higher number of emissions than E10 (3.92 × 1010 #/cycle for B7). Based on the elemental analysis, most deposits are elemental carbon, but non-organic compounds are also present. Carbon (92.18 m/m% for E10), oxygen (6.34 m/m% for E10), fluorine (0.64 m/m% for E10), and zinc (0.56 m/m% for E10) have been found in the largest quantity of deposits taken form the combustion chamber.

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Vapor compression cycle-based integrated thermal management systems for electric vehicles: A critical review

Hao,

Han,

Wang

et al. 2024

Energy Conversion and Management

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Particulate emissions from gasoline vehicles using three different fuel injection technologies

Cited by 6 publications

References 43 publications

Emission Characteristics of Particle Number from Conventional Gasoline and Hybrid Vehicles

Emission Characteristics of Particle Number from Conventional Gasoline and Hybrid Vehicles

Particle Number Concentration and SEM-EDX Analyses of an Auxiliary Heating Device in Operation with Different Fossil and Renewable Fuel

Vapor compression cycle-based integrated thermal management systems for electric vehicles: A critical review

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