Particulate matter pollution and the COVID-19 outbreak: results from Italian regions and provinces

Bianconi, Vanessa; Bronzo, Paola; Banach, Maciej; Sahebkar, Amirhossein; Mannarino, Massimo Raffaele; Pirro, Matteo

doi:10.5114/aoms.2020.95336

Cited by 75 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The fact that both incidence and mortality were positively correlated with population density is in line with our knowledge about the spread of the virus and confirms that measures to reduce viral transmission, focusing on social distancing in particular, are reasonable [12][13][14][15][16]. The positive correlation between COVID-19 incidence and the proportion of the population aged above 65 suggests that older adults are more likely to get infected, which has been observed in other countries as well [17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

COVID-19 in Poland: potential associations with epidemiology, population and healthcare quality

Orlewska

Klusek

2020

Arch Med Sci

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Introduction: An attempt to assess basic epidemiological data was made two months after confirming the first case of SARS-CoV-2 in Poland (March 4 th , 2020). The aim of the study was to examine which indicators related to epidemiology, population characteristics and health care quality affect COVID-19 incidence, mortality and case fatality in Poland. Material and methods: The study was based on national data as of May 4 th , 2020. For each voivodeship incidence rates, mortality rates, case fatality rates and daily cumulative index (DCI) were calculated. The correlations were examined using Pearson's and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, with a significance level of p < 0.05 (2-tailed tests). Results: The overall COVID-19 incidence rate was 3.65 per 10,000 population, mortality rate 0.18 per 10,000 population and case fatality rate 5%. All three disease indicators were positively correlated with DCI and negatively correlated with the number of hospital beds in infectious diseases wards per 10,000 population. Both incidence and mortality rates were positively correlated with population density and number of cases per COVID-19 designated hospital. Conclusions: The positive correlation between DCI and both mortality and case fatality suggests that DCI could be considered as an indirect indicator of healthcare burden, compared to incidence rate alone. Our analysis confirms the role of social distancing in reducing viral transmission. The results could be useful for policymakers to plan ahead in order to relieve the risk of healthcare system overload during the current and future epidemics.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

COVID-19 in Poland: potential associations with epidemiology, population and healthcare quality

Orlewska

Klusek

2020

Arch Med Sci

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“…In a study in China 7 , a positive association has been observed between COVID cases and major criteria pollutants (PM 2.5 , PM 10 , NO 2 ,O 3 and CO) except SO 2 . A similar positive association between COVID cases and PM 2.5 exposure was obtained from Italy 8 . While these studies examined the association between COVID cases and short-term exposure to air pollution, chronic exposure to air pollution is also being considered as a risk of COVID outbreak 9 .…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Previous literature has established associations between exposure to air pollution and spread of measles 14,15 and spread of respiratory diseases 16,17 . Speci cally, in case of COVID, studies from China 7 and Italy 8,9 have shown air pollution to be an important factor in disease transmission and mortality. Our study provides evidence from India which is currently witnessing a rapid rise in COVID cases and has a signi cant proportion of its population residing in areas with poorest air quality in the world.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust association between short-term ambient PM2.5 exposure and COVID prevalence in India

Singh¹,

Dey²,

Purohit³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Novel coronavirus (COVID) outbreak is the deadliest pandemic in our lifetime. The COVID prevalence risk may be enhanced due to comorbidity from other health risk factors like air pollution. However, such evidence is still lacking in India. Using daily confirmed cases, ambient PM2.5 (fine particulate matter) exposure and meteorological parameters from 28 major states of India between March 14-June 9, 2020, in a generalized additive model, we estimate the association between short-term PM2.5 exposure and daily COVID confirmed cases. We find that a 10 mg m-3 increase in ambient PM2.5 exposure (with a lag of 0-14 days) is significantly associated with an increased COVID incidence [relative risk (RR) of 1.135 (95% uncertainty interval: 1.091-1.180)] after adjusting for the meteorological factors. A non-linear association between PM2.5 (lag 0-14) and COVID infection predicts an RR of 4.482 (3.357-5.983) for exposure at 60 mg m-3 relative to 25 mg m-3. Our results indicate a significant positive association between ambient PM2.5 exposure and COVID prevalence in India. As India is easing lockdown measures, higher outdoor air pollution may have implications on COVID transmission, information which can be helpful for general public and policymakers alike.

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“…By comparing the number of cloudy days of throat swab nucleic acid in patients treated with lopinavir/ritonavir and Abidol, it was found lopinavir/ritonavir and Abidol may not be effective in treating COVID-19; however, the number of cases in this study was small, and further research using large sample data should be conducted to determine their effectiveness. In terms of susceptibility to COVID-19, Bianconi et al found that particulate matter pollution significantly increased the probability of infection with COVID-19 [32]. This may also serve as a warning about the over-modification of nature by human beings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 disease: novel clinical manifestations and therapeutic exploration

et al. 2020

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Introduction: This study aims to provide further clarifications on some new clinical characteristics of COVID-19 recently discovered by our research group. Material and methods: In this single-centred, retrospective study, we collected all confirmed cases of COVID-19 diagnosed in Dazhou, Sichuan, China from January 23 to February 25, 2020. All the cases were either imported from Wuhan or transmitted in family clusters. We analysed general information on all patients. Meanwhile, the contents of lactic acid, Fib-C, and D-dimer in the serum of patients were detected. Results: The study included 37 patients diagnosed as having COVID-19, the average age of the patients was 45.76 ±13.1 years. The average positive time of nucleic acid in pharyngeal swabs was 20.65 ±6.7 days. A total of 4 (10.8%) patients were asymptomatic. On serological examination, 33 (89.1%) patients had increased lactic acid, 17 patients had increased fibrinogen C (Fib-C), and 5 patients had increased D-dimer. Of all patients, 29 were positive for COVID-19-specific antibodies. We also detected COVID-19 nucleic acid in faecal specimens from 4 patients. Klebsiella pneumoniae was found in the sputum of 1 patient. A total of 4 patients received psychological intervention. Lopinavir/ritonavir and Abidol may not be effective in treating COVID-19. Conclusions: In the serum of most COVID-19-infected patients, lactic acid was higher than normal, and COVID-19-specific antibody was positive. Fib-C and D-dimer in the serum of some infected patients increased. Lopinavir/ ritonavir and Abidol have little effect on shortening the positive time of viral nucleic acid in patients.

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Particulate matter pollution and the COVID-19 outbreak: results from Italian regions and provinces

Cited by 75 publications

References 29 publications

COVID-19 in Poland: potential associations with epidemiology, population and healthcare quality

COVID-19 in Poland: potential associations with epidemiology, population and healthcare quality

Robust association between short-term ambient PM2.5 exposure and COVID prevalence in India

COVID-19 disease: novel clinical manifestations and therapeutic exploration

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