Particulate solid attrition in CFB systems – An assessment for emerging technologies

Bayham, Samuel; Breault, Ronald W.; Monazam, Esmail R.

doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2016.08.016

Cited by 42 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…308−310 A catalyst suffers mechanical failures by fracture and erosion (abrasion). 2,311 Figure 78 shows that fracture produces the division of the catalyst body into smaller parts. The latter can have sizes that are 20 to 80% smaller than the size of the catalyst body; see schematic particle size distribution in Figure 78.…”

Section: Mechanical Resistance Of Technical Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, mechanical failure is the most common reason for replacing a catalyst at the industrial level (even more often than losses in reactivity! ). − A catalyst suffers mechanical failures by fracture and erosion (abrasion). , Figure shows that fracture produces the division of the catalyst body into smaller parts. The latter can have sizes that are 20 to 80% smaller than the size of the catalyst body; see schematic particle size distribution in Figure .…”

Section: Mechanical Resistance Of Technical Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanical Resistance Of Technical Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elements of the Manufacture and Properties of Technical Catalysts

García-Sánchez

Medrano

2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Despite the humongous volume of literature aiming to present the synthesis of innovative, more selective, stable, and active solid catalysts, the catalysts that come to be used at the industrial level, known as technical catalysts, are scarcely studied and poorly understood starting from the fact that most of the information on their manufacturing remains as an industrial secret. Therefore, many knowledge gaps and uncertainties in the techniques suitable to transform catalytic powders into technical catalysts lie ahead of those researchers who decide to engage in the development and study of applied catalysis. Therefore, this review seeks to provide guidance on the process for manufacturing technical catalysts from catalytic powders while also providing insight into the targeted properties of such materials. Specifically, this review examines the aspects related to the manufacture of technical catalysts spanning from the operations related to the mixture of their components to the thermal treatments to which the corresponding shaped bodies are submitted. Furthermore, we define and discuss the properties considered as key when evaluating the catalytic performance of the shaped materials.

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Section: Mechanical Resistance Of Technical Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanical Resistance Of Technical Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elements of the Manufacture and Properties of Technical Catalysts

García-Sánchez

Medrano

2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Particle attrition is largely categorized into surface abrasion and fragmentation and has been attributed to the grid jet, bubble, and cyclone. , Attrition has been shown to decay exponentially with time and to be highly correlated with particle properties, fluidization conditions, and fluidized bed structure . The contribution of jet attrition to overall attrition has been demonstrated to increase rapidly with increasing gas velocity .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrodynamics of Geldart Groups A, B, and D Materials during Jet Cup Attrition

Bailey

Puraite

Kales

et al. 2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Particle attrition can be detrimental to fluidized bed applications. The jet cup test is commonly used to assess the relative tendency to attrit, but gaps in the understanding stymie quantitative links between the lab-scale jet cup test and commercial-scale operation. In this study, high-speed video imaging was performed to understand better the particle hydrodynamics and kinetic energy distribution of Geldart Groups A and B particles in a conical jet cup, since particle–particle and particle–wall interactions are positively correlated with attrition rate. Particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) was used to measure the particle velocity and change in the particle velocity due to collisions. The results of these measurements were also compared with computational fluid dynamics–discrete element method (CFD–DEM) simulations. A mechanistic attrition model can be developed by measuring the kinematics of particle–wall interactions and how particles are recycled back into the jet. This represents a first step to creating this understanding by demonstrating the relative contributions of particle–particle and particle–wall collisions from experiments and the use of compartment models for understanding how particles cycle through regions of high collision probability. Once this mechanistic model is in place, quantitative comparisons between jet cup results and commercial fluidized bed operations can be made.

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“…One of the main technical challenges to commercializing chemical looping combustion is the cost of the makeup oxygen carrier, since it is expected that the carrier will undergo chemical and mechanical stress, subsequently degrading during the process [14,15]. Thus, it is proposed to use lowcost oxygen carriers over manufactured oxygen carriers tailored for high conversion of fuel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Looping Combustion of Hematite Ore with Methane and Steam in a Fluidized Bed Reactor

2017

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Chemical looping combustion is considered an indirect method of oxidizing a carbonaceous fuel, utilizing a metal oxide oxygen carrier to provide oxygen to the fuel. The advantage is the significantly reduced energy penalty for separating out the CO 2 for reuse or sequestration in a carbon-constrained world. One of the major issues with chemical looping combustion is the cost of the oxygen carrier. Hematite ore is a proposed oxygen carrier due to its high strength and resistance to mechanical attrition, but its reactivity is rather poor compared to tailored oxygen carriers. This problem is further exacerbated by methane cracking, the subsequent deposition of carbon and the inability to transfer oxygen at a sufficient rate from the core of the particle to the surface for fuel conversion to CO 2 . Oxygen needs to be readily available at the surface to prevent methane cracking. The purpose of this work was to demonstrate the use of steam to overcome this issue and improve the conversion of the natural gas to CO 2 , as well as to provide data for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) validation. The steam will gasify the deposited carbon to promote the methane conversion. This work studies the performance of hematite ore with methane and steam mixtures in a 5 cm fluidized bed up to approximately 140 kPa. Results show an increased conversion of methane in the presence of steam (from 20-45% without steam to 60-95%) up to a certain point, where performance decreases. Adding steam allows the methane conversion to carbon dioxide to be similar to the overall methane conversion; it also helped to prevent carbon accumulation from occurring on the particle. In general, the addition of steam to the feed gas increased the methane conversion. Furthermore, the addition of steam caused the steam methane reforming reaction to form more hydrogen and carbon monoxide at higher steam and methane concentrations, which was not completely converted at higher concentrations and at these residence times.

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Particulate solid attrition in CFB systems – An assessment for emerging technologies

Cited by 42 publications

References 83 publications

Elements of the Manufacture and Properties of Technical Catalysts

Elements of the Manufacture and Properties of Technical Catalysts

Hydrodynamics of Geldart Groups A, B, and D Materials during Jet Cup Attrition

Chemical Looping Combustion of Hematite Ore with Methane and Steam in a Fluidized Bed Reactor

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