Partition studies on cobalt and recycling of valuable metals from waste Li-ion batteries via solvent extraction and chemical precipitation

Dhiman, Soniya; Gupta, Bharat

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.004

Cited by 142 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…For instance, when considering the pH extraction isotherm of 2‐ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono‐2‐ethylhexyl ester (commercial name PC88A), Mn is extracted before Co in sulfate media, while the opposite occurs in chloride media . Dhiman and Gupta compared the extraction of Co 2+ using Cyphos IL 102 in HCl, HNO 3 , and H 2 SO 4 media, showing that extraction efficiency increased drastically with respect to (HCl), whereas extraction in H 2 SO 4 and HNO 3 was poor at all concentrations. This indicates that formation of a Co 2+ ‐anionic‐chloro species is critical toward the extraction mechanism of Cyphos IL 102.…”

Section: Selective Metal Recovery From Leachatementioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling of mixed cathode lithium‐ion batteries for electric vehicles: Current status and future outlook

et al. 2020

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Worldwide trends in mobile electrification, largely driven by the popularity of electric vehicles (EVs) will skyrocket demands for lithium‐ion battery (LIB) production. As such, up to four million metric tons of LIB waste from EV battery packs could be generated from 2015 to 2040. LIB recycling directly addresses concerns over long‐term economic strains due to the uneven geographic distribution of resources (especially for Co and Li) and environmental issues associated with both landfilling and raw material extraction. However, LIB recycling infrastructure has not been widely adopted, and current facilities are mostly focused on Co recovery for economic gains. This incentive will decline due to shifting market trends from LiCoO2 toward cobalt‐deficient and mixed‐metal cathodes (eg, LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2). Thus, this review covers recycling strategies to recover metals in mixed‐metal LIB cathodes and comingled scrap comprising different chemistries. As such, hydrometallurgical processes can meet this criterion, while also requiring a low environmental footprint and energy consumption compared to pyrometallurgy. Following pretreatment to separate the cathode from other battery components, the active material is dissolved entirely by reductive acid leaching. A complex leachate is generated, comprising cathode metals (Li+, Ni2+, Mn2+, and Co2+) and impurities (Fe3+, Al3+, and Cu2+) from the current collectors and battery casing, which can be separated and purified using a series of selective precipitation and/or solvent extraction steps. Alternatively, the cathode can be resynthesized directly from the leachate.

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Section: Selective Metal Recovery From Leachatementioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling of mixed cathode lithium‐ion batteries for electric vehicles: Current status and future outlook

et al. 2020

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“…As two major challenges in using ILs on an industrial scale, rising temperatures impose additional costs on industries, Also, the addition of organic diluents causes environmental problems. Experiments have shown that cheap diluents are sometimes used to make the process more economical, but environmental problems are still not solved in this way (Dhiman and Gupta 2019;Dhiman and Gupta 2020). In research, a mixture of two ILs has sometimes been used to reduce the viscosity.…”

Section: Ils Applied In Leaching Processes and Liquid-liquid Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Studies on Ionic Liquids in Metal Recovery from E-Waste and Secondary Sources by Liquid-Liquid Extraction and Electrodeposition: a Review

et al. 2020

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Given the high growth of e-waste around the world and the environmental and health risks associated with it, research on optimal and green methods of e-waste recycling is of great importance in order to find solutions to this global crisis. In particular are techniques that are economically attractive in addition to solving problems. In this paper, our research team has collected some recent methods of metal recycling in which ionic liquids (ILs) play a main member in the extraction process. The advantages of ILs include high selectivity, short operating temperature, lower relative toxicity, multiple use, and minimal waste generation. The results of this research are also compared with the results of previous studies. We have done special research on ILs used in leaching processes and applied in liquid-liquid extraction, and electrodeposition of metal in IL. Also listed in this paper are some experimental processes that can be tested in e-waste and secondary sources recycling. Some of which can be used on an industrial scale.

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“…One of the most common methods used for heavy metal removal is the adsorption process. This process has attracted great interest in that it is simple, economic and efficient [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetite nanoparticles grafted with murexide-terminated polyamidoamine dendrimers for removal of lead (II) from aqueous solution: synthesis, characterization, adsorption and antimicrobial activity studies

Ekinci

İlter

Ercan

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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In this study, new, efficient, eco-friendly and magnetically separable nanoadsorbents, MNPs-G1-Mu and MNPs-G2-Mu, were successfully prepared by covalently grafting murexide-terminated polyamidoamine dendrimers on 3-aminopropyl functionalized silica-coated magnetite nanoparticles, and used for rapid removal of lead (II) from aqueous medium. After each adsorption process, the supernatant was successfully acquired from reaction mixture by the magnetic separation, and then analyzed by employing ICP-OES. Chemical and physical characterizations of new nanomaterials were confirmed by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, TEM, and VSM. Maximum adsorption capacities (q m ) of both prepared new nanostructured adsorbents were compared with each other and also with some other adsorbents. The kinetic data were appraised by using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. Adsorption isotherms were found to be suitable with both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm linear equations. The maximum adsorption capacities for MNPs-G1-Mu and MNPs-G2-Mu were calculated as 208.33 mg g −1 and 232.56 mg g −1 , respectively. Antimicrobial activities of nanoparticles were also examined against various microorganisms by using microdilution method. It was determined that MNPs-G1-Mu, MNPs-G2-Mu and lead (II) adsorbed MNPs-G2-Mu showed good antimicrobial activity against S. aureus ATTC 29213 and C. Parapsilosis ATTC 22019. MNPs-G1-Mu also showed antimicrobial activity against C. albicans ATTC 10231.

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Partition studies on cobalt and recycling of valuable metals from waste Li-ion batteries via solvent extraction and chemical precipitation

Cited by 142 publications

References 67 publications

Recycling of mixed cathode lithium‐ion batteries for electric vehicles: Current status and future outlook

Recycling of mixed cathode lithium‐ion batteries for electric vehicles: Current status and future outlook

Recent Studies on Ionic Liquids in Metal Recovery from E-Waste and Secondary Sources by Liquid-Liquid Extraction and Electrodeposition: a Review

Magnetite nanoparticles grafted with murexide-terminated polyamidoamine dendrimers for removal of lead (II) from aqueous solution: synthesis, characterization, adsorption and antimicrobial activity studies

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