Party matters: the institutional origins of competitive hegemony in Tanzania

Morse, Yonatan L.

doi:10.1080/13510347.2013.764285

Cited by 55 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Chadema has internal procedures for alternating leadership positions and it launched ‘Operation Sangara’ in 2005, emphasizing local leadership training and recruitment at local levels. The Civic United Front is more personalistic and centralized, led since its foundation by Secretary General Maalim Seif and Chairman Ibrahim Lipumba (Morse 2014).…”

Section: Presenting the Case: The Dominant-party State Of Tanzaniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Equality Reforms on an Uneven Playing Field: Candidate Selection and Quota Implementation in Electoral Authoritarian Tanzania

Bjarnegård¹,

Zetterberg²

2016

Gov. & oppos.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article investigates the dynamics that gender quota reforms create within and between government and opposition parties in electoral authoritarian dominant-party states. A dominant-party state regularly holds relatively competitive elections, but the political playing field is skewed in favor of the government party. We investigate the circumstances under which gender quotas' goal of furthering political gender equality within political parties can be reconciled with parties' electoral concerns. We address these issues by analyzing the implementation of reserved seats by the three largest parties in the dominant-party state of Tanzania. The empirical analysis suggests that the uneven playing field leaves an imprint on the specific priorities parties make when implementing candidate selection reforms. Because of large resource gaps between parties, the ruling party CCM is able to reconcile gender 2 equality concerns with power-maximizing partisan strategies to a larger extent than the opposition parties. states has an even stronger strategic component related to inter-party competition than is the case in many advanced democracies. Party leaderships in dominant-party states thus face two concerns, based on two different inequalities, when implementing the quota reform. On the one hand, in the spirit of the quota law they should use it to strengthen women's political power within the party. On the other hand, party leaderships are hard pressed to implement the reform in a manner that primarily strengthens the party vis-à-vis other parties. While the first concern would prompt parties to select candidates who work 'for women', the second concern would rather have parties look to recruit party-loyal candidates. KeywordsUsing a feminist rational choice institutionalist perspective that brings together questions of gender, strategy, institutions, power and change (cf Driscoll and Krook 2009), this article aims, more specifically, to examine the extent to which parties in electoral authoritarian dominant-party regimes are able to reconcile the ever-present party electoral strategies with 5 the newer gender equality concerns that arise as a consequence of the quota policy.Entrenched informal practices as well as rational vote-maximizing behavior are important in order to fully understand the potential impact of any reform seeking to transform gender hierarchies (cf Kenny 2013). Our approach is also explicitly comparative, in that we want to see whether and how the possibilities for reconciling gender equality goals with electoral strategies vary across parties in dominant-party regimes.Our empirical analysis concentrates on the implementation of electoral gender quotas in a typical electoral authoritarian regime characterized by unfair competition between political parties: Tanzania. More specifically, we examine the implementation process of reserved seats (or special seats, as they are called in Tanzania) within the dominant party Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) and the two biggest opposition parties Chadema an...

show abstract

Section: Presenting the Case: The Dominant-party State Of Tanzaniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Equality Reforms on an Uneven Playing Field: Candidate Selection and Quota Implementation in Electoral Authoritarian Tanzania

Bjarnegård¹,

Zetterberg²

2016

Gov. & oppos.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In his case study of Tanzania, Alexander Makulilo examines spatial variation in authoritarian stability, going beyond the general focus on the Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) (see Morse 2014). His contribution highlights how linkage, leverage, and especially organizational power are not uniform across the two main parts of the country: mainland Tanzania versus Zanzibar and Pemba.…”

Section: Competitive Authoritarianism In Africa Revisitedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competitive authoritarianism in Africa revisited

Bogaards

Elischer

2015

Z Vgl Polit Wiss

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Competitive authoritarianism has emerged as a major concept in the study of political regimes. The introduction of this special issue revisits Levitsky and Way's seminal study Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes After the Cold War. Although Africa is the world region with the highest absolute number of competitive authoritarian regimes, political scientists working on Africa have rarely engaged with Levitsky and Way's modern classic. In this introduction, we summarize their arguments, outline the empirical findings for Africa, and review the critiques. In doing so we provide the background for the contributions to this special issue.

show abstract

“…This reduces the risk of democratic failure after a transition from authoritarianism towards democracy (Shirah, 2014). Similarly, Morse (2014) argues that the opening of major offices for contestation under authoritarianism changes the incentives that opposition parties face and provides them with additional focal points for contestation, which might contribute to democratization. Lastly, Edgell et al (2015: 12) emphasize socialization and experiential learning as mechanisms through which de jure multiparty elections have a positive effect on democratization and democratic survival.…”

Section: The Effects Of Multiparty Elections On Authoritarian Regime mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, both supporters and opponents of the "democratization by election" thesis (Lindberg, 2009) suggest that multiparty elections will affect -positively or negatively -the stability and survival of autocratic regimes, depending on the context. Scholars have highlighted, inter alia, the importance of the international setting (Levitsky and Way, 2010;Bunce and Wolchik, 2011), the level of economic development (Blaydes, 2011), the specific design of electoral institutions (Lust-Okar, 2006), divergent patterns of party building (Morse, 2014) and regime party institutionalization (Magaloni, 2008), domestic threat levels (Gandhi, 2008), and the cohesiveness of elite coalitions, as well as the role of opposition tactics and tactical emulation through mechanisms of diffusion (Bunce and Wolchik, 2011;Donno, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction: State capacity and elections in the study of authoritarian regimes

Croissant

Hellmann

2017

International Political Science Review

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Studies of multiparty elections in authoritarian regimes have proliferated in recent years.Nevertheless, the available evidence remains inconclusive in terms of when, where, or why elections work to sustain or undermine authoritarian rule. The contributions to the special issue "State Capacity, Elections and the Resilience of Authoritarian Rule" argue that analyzing the extent to which the effect of elections on authoritarian regime resilience is mediated through the factor of state capacity helps to solve this puzzle. This introduction lays the analytical foundation for this discussion by reviewing key terms and concepts, and by highlighting possible theoretical connections between the state capacity literature on the one hand and the electoral authoritarianism literature on the other. Furthermore, it considers the contributions in this special issue, and points out areas of agreement and disagreement between the authors, while simultaneously placing the different arguments within the broader field of enquiry.

show abstract

Party matters: the institutional origins of competitive hegemony in Tanzania

Cited by 55 publications

References 35 publications

Gender Equality Reforms on an Uneven Playing Field: Candidate Selection and Quota Implementation in Electoral Authoritarian Tanzania

Gender Equality Reforms on an Uneven Playing Field: Candidate Selection and Quota Implementation in Electoral Authoritarian Tanzania

Competitive authoritarianism in Africa revisited

Introduction: State capacity and elections in the study of authoritarian regimes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About