Parvovirus B19 infection masquerading as relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukaemia following haematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Larkin, Trisha; Horn, Biljana

doi:10.1136/bcr-2020-235837

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In most cases, the patients presented with prolonged cytopenia, one showed a focal skin lesion, and one had a skin rash. All cases with more detailed clinical information are summarized in Table 2 22–30 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parvovirus B19 infection in pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation – Single‐center experience and review

Holterhus

Hennies

Hillmann

et al. 2023

Transplant Infectious Dis

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Background Parvovirus B19 (B19V) infection following pediatric hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a rare complication and available data is scarce. Therefore, we present the experience with B19V Infection in allogeneic pediatric HCT recipients at our transplant center together with a systematic review of the literature. Methods Pediatric HCT patients with Parvovirus B19 infection treated at the University Children's Hospital Münster between 1999 and 2021 were retrospectively identified and clinical data were analyzed. Additionally, a systematic MEDLINE search to identify relevant articles was performed. Results We identified three out of 445 patients (0.6%) with B19V infection post‐transplantation. B19V infection occurred in combination with other complications like Graft‐versus‐Host disease, additional infections, or autoimmune‐mediated hemolysis potentially triggered by B19V. In one patient these complications lead to a fatal outcome. The review of the literature showed considerable morbidity of B19V infection with the potential for life‐threatening complications. Most patients were treated by red blood cell transfusion and intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) with a high succession rate. Conclusion Symptomatic B19V infection following HCT remains a rare but potentially challenging complication. A causal antiviral therapy does not exist as well as general recommendations on dosage and duration of IVIG therapy. Despite this, most patients are treated successfully with these measures. Additionally, transmission via blood or stem cell products is also rare and no general recommendations on B19V screenings exist.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parvovirus B19 infection in pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation – Single‐center experience and review

Holterhus

Hennies

Hillmann

et al. 2023

Transplant Infectious Dis

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“…Table (2) shows that IgM antibodies against human parvovirus B19 have been detected in 17 of the acute leukemia patients within the study group; these patients also have a high leukocytic count , a decreased hemoglobin level (5-7), a decreased platelet count (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25), and a high presence of blast cells (35-65); also, 67.7% of these leukemia patients have received blood or platelet transfusions during their treatment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study showed that the anti-human parvovirus B19 IgG level is much higher in leukemia patients (10-82) compared to the control group (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). The study detected antihuman parvovirus B19 IgG antibodies in 74 patients of the study population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The detected antihuman parvovirus B19 IgM antibodies in these patients, which refer to a recent infection with human PVB19, along with these previously mentioned CBC and Blast cells values strongly suggest that there is a link between the state of disease and their infection with human parvovirus B19 during their various stages of treatment. [7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infection with human parvovirus B19 in acute leukemia patients is considered an opportunistic infection; it is assumed that PB19 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of acute leukemia, and several studies reported an incidence of infection with B19 ranging from 8 to 18% in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia. [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sero-prevalence of human Parvovirus B19 Antibodies in Acute Leukaemia Patients of Suez Canal University Hospital

Hasanain

gomma

Attia

2023

Advances in Environmental and Life Sciences

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Background: Human parvovirus B19 (PB19) is a small-sized DNA virus that infects human erythroid progenitor cells causing a sudden cessation of erythropoiesis. PB19 infection constitutes a high risk and may contribute to acute leukemia and worsen the physiological conditions.Objective: Screening acute leukemic patients in Suez Canal University Hospital for anti-human Parvovirus B19 antibodies.Methods: 75 blood samples from acute leukemia patients and 75 blood samples from healthy individuals recruited from Suez Canal University Hospital were subjected to screening for antihuman parvovirus B19 IgM and antihuman parvovirus B19 IgG antibodies by implementing the ELISA technique.Results: The prevalence of antihuman parvovirus B19 IgM and IgG antibodies in patients with acute leukemia was 22.7% and 98.7%, respectively. The prevalence of IgG antibodies against human parvovirus B19 within the control group was 14.7%. Conclusion:This study reported the presence of both types of anti-human parvovirus B19 IgM and IgG antibodies in acute leukemia patients in Suez Canal University hospital, which constitutes a high risk for acute leukemia patients and worsens their clinical blood parameters as well.

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Distinct clinical features of transplanted children with Parvovirus B19 infection

Jia,

Cao,

et al. 2024

Virol J

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Background The immature and suppressed immune response makes transplanted children a special susceptible group to Parvovirus B19 (PVB19). However, the clinical features of transplanted children with PVB19 infection haven’t been comprehensively described. Methods We searched the medical records of all the transplant recipients who attended the Children’s Hospital of Fudan University from 1 Oct 2020 to 31 May 2023, and reviewed the medical literature for PVB19 infection cases among transplanted children. Results A total of 10 cases of PVB19 infection were identified in 201 transplanted children at our hospital, and the medical records of each of these cases were shown. Also, we retrieved 40 cases of PVB19 infection among transplanted children from the literature, thus summarizing a total of 50 unique cases of PVB19 infection. The median time to the first positive PVB19 DNA detection was 14 weeks post-transplantation. PVB19 IgM and IgG were detected in merely 26% and 24% of the children, respectively. The incidence of graft loss/dysfunction was as high as 36%. Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients showed higher PVB19 load, lower HGB level, greater platelet damage, lower PVB19 IgM/IgG positive rates, and more graft dysfunction than solid-organ transplant (SOT) recipients, indicating a more incompetent immune system. Conclusions Compared with the published data of transplanted adults, transplanted children displayed distinct clinical features upon PVB19 infection, including lower PVB19 IgM/IgG positive rates, more graft dysfunction, and broader damage on hematopoietic cell lines, which was even more prominent in HSCT recipients, thus should be of greater concern.

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Parvovirus B19 infection masquerading as relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukaemia following haematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Parvovirus B19 infection in pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation – Single‐center experience and review

Parvovirus B19 infection in pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation – Single‐center experience and review

Sero-prevalence of human Parvovirus B19 Antibodies in Acute Leukaemia Patients of Suez Canal University Hospital

Distinct clinical features of transplanted children with Parvovirus B19 infection

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