Passage order through different pathways in groups of schooling fish, and the diversified leadership hypothesis

Levin, Luis E.

doi:10.1016/0376-6357(95)00067-4

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The self-domestication hypothesis proposes that, as in many domesticated species, selection against aggression has resulted in bonobos having a less reactive temperament and increased social tolerance than other great apes [22]. Additionally, the leadership hypothesis, initially proposed for schools of fish [23], suggests that in species lacking a clear leader (i.e., egalitarian), individual personalities strongly predict group decisions about where to feed and rest [16,24]. The allocation of risk is predicted to be spread more evenly within the group in more egalitarian species, such as bonobos [25], rather than resting solely on one or a few dominant individuals, as in gorillas and chimpanzees [26].…”

Section: Species-dependent Variation To Noveltymentioning

confidence: 99%

Novelty Response of Wild African Apes to Camera Traps

et al. 2019

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Graphical Abstract Highlights d Bonobos and gorillas had stronger looking impulses compared to chimpanzees d Young apes looked longest at camera traps compared to mature individuals d Presence of a research site or conspecifics reduced the duration of looking d Both social and environmental factors affect great ape curiosity in the wild In Brief Kalan et al. use a large-scale field experiment to assess the reaction of wild great apes toward a novel object: camera trap devices. Bonobos show the strongest looking impulse and are more neophobic than either gorillas or chimpanzees. Additional social and environmental effects on reactions demonstrate the complexities of animal curiosity.

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Section: Species-dependent Variation To Noveltymentioning

confidence: 99%

Novelty Response of Wild African Apes to Camera Traps

et al. 2019

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“…Evidence for leadership behaviour has been found in a number of species ( Levin 1996). Pitcher et al (1982) observed position preferences in mackerel, Scomber scombrus (Scombridae), with the largest fish taking up the front position most often, although no direct tests on leadership were carried out.…”

Section: Empirical Observations Of Leadershipmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is also possible that individual variations in boldness (see Coleman and Wilson 1998) have implications for medium-or long-term differences in positioning behaviour between individuals ± bolder individuals taking up front positions more often and for longer than other fish. It has also been suggested that different individuals play different roles within a shoal and that the decision of which becomes the leader is context-dependent (Levin 1996). Neither idea has been rigorously tested to date.…”

Section: Costs and Benefits Of Front Positionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leadership in fish shoals

et al. 2000

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Leadership is not an inherent quality of animal groups that show directional locomotion. However, there are other factors that may be responsible for the occurrence of leadership in fish shoals, such as individual differences in nutritional state between group members. It appears that front fish have a strong influence on directional shoal movements and that individuals that occupy such positions are often characterised by larger body lengths and lower nutritional state. Potential interactions between the two factors and their importance for positioning within shoals need further attention. Initiation of directional movement in stationary shoals and position preferences in mobile shoals need to be addressed separately because they are potentially subject to different constraints. Individuals that initiate a swimming direction may not necessarily be capable of the sustained high swimming performance required to keep the front position or have the motivation to do so, for that matter. More empirical and theoretical work is necessary to look at the factors controlling positioning behaviour within shoals, as well as overall shoal shape and structure. Tracking of marked individuals whose positioning behaviour is monitored over extended time periods of hours or days would be useful. There is an indication that shoal positions are rotated by individuals according to their nutritional needs, with hungry fish occupying front positions only for as long as necessary to regain their nutritional balance. This suggests that shoal members effectively take turns at being leaders. There is a need for three‐dimensional recordings of shoaling behaviour using high‐speed video systems that allow a detailed analysis of information transfer in shoals of different size. The relationship between leadership and shoal size might provide an interesting field for future research. Most studies to date have been restricted to shoals of small and medium size and more information on larger shoals would be useful.

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“…It appears that shoals have several functions, including reduction in predation risk [2, 3], enhancement of feeding [4, 5], mating opportunities [6], and hydrodynamic advantages during locomotion [7]. The formative mechanism of fish shoals has been discussed in previous studies, and it appears to be based on individual perceptions and decisions, rather than on the steering by a fixed leader [8]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional computer graphic animations for studying social approach behaviour in medaka fish: Effects of systematic manipulation of morphological and motion cues

et al. 2017

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We studied social approach behaviour in medaka fish using three-dimensional computer graphic (3DCG) animations based on the morphological features and motion characteristics obtained from real fish. This is the first study which used 3DCG animations and examined the relative effects of morphological and motion cues on social approach behaviour in medaka. Various visual stimuli, e.g., lack of motion, lack of colour, alternation in shape, lack of locomotion, lack of body motion, and normal virtual fish in which all four features (colour, shape, locomotion, and body motion) were reconstructed, were created and presented to fish using a computer display. Medaka fish presented with normal virtual fish spent a long time in proximity to the display, whereas time spent near the display was decreased in other groups when compared with normal virtual medaka group. The results suggested that the naturalness of visual cues contributes to the induction of social approach behaviour. Differential effects between body motion and locomotion were also detected. 3DCG animations can be a useful tool to study the mechanisms of visual processing and social behaviour in medaka.

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Passage order through different pathways in groups of schooling fish, and the diversified leadership hypothesis

Cited by 10 publications

References 19 publications

Novelty Response of Wild African Apes to Camera Traps

Novelty Response of Wild African Apes to Camera Traps

Leadership in fish shoals

Three-dimensional computer graphic animations for studying social approach behaviour in medaka fish: Effects of systematic manipulation of morphological and motion cues

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