Passage through mitosis is required for oncoretroviruses but not for the human immunodeficiency virus

Lewis, P.F.; Emerman, Michael

doi:10.1128/jvi.68.1.510-516.1994

Cited by 717 publications

(226 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…It was further Zho et al, 1993;Connor and Ho, 1994;van't Wout et al, shown that viruses carrying a double lysine to threonine 1994; Cornelissen et al, 1995;O'Brien and Pomerantz, substitution in this region ( 26 KK→TT) displayed levels of 1996). The ability of HIV-1 to infect non-dividing cells infectivity and replication that were diminished in nonproductively contrasts with the finding that replication of dividing target cells but indistinguishable from correspondthe oncogenic retrovirus murine leukemia virus (MLV) is ing wild-type viruses in dividing cells (Bukrinsky et al, restricted to dividing (proliferating) cells (Roe et al, 1993;Lewis and Emerman, 1994). This key difference between 1993a; Heinzinger et al, 1994;von Schwedler et al, these studies has been the direct assignment of NLS function according to conventional criteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV-1 infection of non-dividing cells: evidence that the amino-terminal basic region of the viral matrix protein is important for Gag processing but not for post-entry nuclear import

et al. 1997

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Human immunodeficiency virus type‐1 (HIV‐1) is able to infect non‐dividing cells such as tissue macrophages productively because post‐entry viral nucleoprotein complexes are specifically imported into the nucleus in the absence of mitosis. Although it has been proposed that an amino‐terminal region of the viral matrix (MA, p17Gag) protein harbors a basic‐type nuclear localization sequence (NLS) that contributes to this process, utilization of three distinct nuclear import assays failed to provide any direct supporting evidence. Instead, we found that disruption of this region (26KK→TT) reduces the rate at which the viral Gag polyprotein (p55Gag) is post‐translationally processed by the viral protease. Consistent with the fact that appropriate proteolytic processing is essential for efficient viral growth in all cell types, we also show that the 26KK→TT MA mutation is equivalently deleterious to the replication of a primary macrophage‐tropic viral isolate in cultures of non‐dividing and dividing cells. Taken together, these observations suggest that proteins other than MA supply the NLS(s) that enable HIV‐1 to infect non‐dividing cells.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV-1 infection of non-dividing cells: evidence that the amino-terminal basic region of the viral matrix protein is important for Gag processing but not for post-entry nuclear import

et al. 1997

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“…While standard retrovirus-based vectors integrate the transgene into the genome of the target cells and offer sustained expression of the transgene, they infect only dividing cells. 5 Therefore, this limits their use in non-dividing cells such as cultured primary cells that permanently exit the cell division cycle but remain viable for extended periods of time. 6 The development of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, lentivirus) based vector systems has provided a delivery system that offers infection of both dividing and non-dividing cells and integration of the transgenes into the genome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An efficient gene transduction system for studying gene function in primary human dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes

Chen

Fan

et al. 2003

Clinical and Experimental Dermatology

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One of the critical challenges for cellular genetic studies in primary human skin cells is lack of a gene delivery system that provides efficient transduction and sustained expression of the transgenes. Due to the limited time of survival in culture, the processes of drug selection and clonal expansion for establishing gene stably expressing cell lines are not a realistic option for primary skin cells. We have examined various gene transduction techniques in primary dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes of human skin. We report here that vectors based on the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, lentivirus) offer more than 90% gene transduction efficiency and sustained expression of transgenes in both human skin cell types. In contrast, most of the commonly used techniques have at best 30% transduction efficiency in these cells. Using two previously reported migration control genes, protein kinase Cdelta and p38alpha-MAPK, as examples, we provide evidence that the unprecedented efficiency of the lentiviral system enables a clear detection of the genes' dominant negative effects, which are otherwise greatly compromised by ordinary transfection techniques. We believe that a wide application of this gene transduction system will greatly benefit studies of gene function in human skin cells.

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“…e viral core containing a single cDNA copy from the double stranded genomic RNA is transported to the nucleus and it is integrated into the host cell chromosomes following the activity of integrase (IN). While simple -retroviruses require the disappearance of the nuclear membrane during cell division, complex retroviruses (lentiviruses) can actively transport the core to the cell nucleus without requiring mitosis [26,27]. us, retrovirus vectors only transduce cells during mitosis, while lentiviral vectors can transduce cells independently on their division status.…”

Section: The Retroviral Life Cycle and Retroviral Vectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the advantages of simple retrovirus vectors are the lack of genome-encoded viral proteins and persistent gene expression aer vector integration, they also present important limitations. e main ones are virion instability [35], relatively low titers [36], the inability to transduce quiescent cells [27,37], and �nally, insertional mutagenesis [38][39][40]. Interestingly, these shortcomings can be largely overcome by using lentivectors, mainly developed from human immunode�ciency virus (HIV)-1 [41][42][43].…”

Section: The Retroviral Life Cycle and Retroviral Vectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, these shortcomings can be largely overcome by using lentivectors, mainly developed from human immunode�ciency virus (HIV)-1 [41][42][43]. However, the main advantage for the use of lentivectors is their capacity to transduce quiescent cells [27]. is crucial characteristic is mediated by nuclear localisation sequences present in the integrase protein, the matrix protein, vpr, and the PPT sequence [12,17,42].…”

Section: The Retroviral Life Cycle and Retroviral Vectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retroviral and Lentiviral Vectors for the Induction of Immunological Tolerance

et al. 2012

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Retroviral and lentiviral vectors have proven to be particularly efficient systems to deliver genes of interest into target cells, either in vivo or in cell cultures. They have been used for some time for gene therapy and the development of gene vaccines. Recently retroviral and lentiviral vectors have been used to generate tolerogenic dendritic cells, key professional antigen presenting cells that regulate immune responses. Thus, three main approaches have been undertaken to induce immunological tolerance; delivery of potent immunosuppressive cytokines and other molecules, modification of intracellular signalling pathways in dendritic cells, and de-targeting transgene expression from dendritic cells using microRNA technology. In this review we briefly describe retroviral and lentiviral vector biology, and their application to induce immunological tolerance.

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Passage through mitosis is required for oncoretroviruses but not for the human immunodeficiency virus

Cited by 717 publications

References 29 publications

HIV-1 infection of non-dividing cells: evidence that the amino-terminal basic region of the viral matrix protein is important for Gag processing but not for post-entry nuclear import

HIV-1 infection of non-dividing cells: evidence that the amino-terminal basic region of the viral matrix protein is important for Gag processing but not for post-entry nuclear import

An efficient gene transduction system for studying gene function in primary human dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes

Retroviral and Lentiviral Vectors for the Induction of Immunological Tolerance

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