Passivation of native defects of ZnO by doping Mg detected through various spectroscopic techniques

Abstract

Native defects responsible for the n-type behavior of ZnO are found to be reduced by Mg doping.

Enhancement in the performance of nanostructured CuO–ZnO solar cells by band alignment

“…By the cobalt doping process, strong and stable Co-O complexes are formed, thereby reducing oxygen-related defects (can be seen in O 1s spectra in XPS analysis); this results in the selective passivation of deep level defects up to certain doping level (in our case 10% doping). 53 A cross-over in the forward-bias (V > 0.5 V) region is observed for the device without any MoO 3 buffer layer. This type of cross-over is an indication of the presence of a Schottky barrier at the CuO/ Au contact in opposition to the junction formed at the ZnO/CuO interface.…”

“…This type of passivation of native defects of ZnO was observed in the previous study using Mg doping (up to 4%). 53 Therefore, we can say that cobalt dopant can play a role in suppressing the formation of oxygen vacancies. Also, the weight (%) of the Peak-C in the O 1s spectrum in 10% cobalt doped ZnO is slightly smaller when compared to the corresponding peak area in the spectrum of undoped ZnO, which might be associated with a reduction in the concentration of hydroxyl groups in the ZnO due to cobalt doping.…”

Porous zinc oxide nanocrystalline film deposition by atmospheric pressure plasma: Fabrication and energy band estimation

“…The peak at 531.49 eV correlates to the oxygen‐deficient region in ZnO matrix or O‐H group absorbed on ZnO surface. Higher energy peak at 532.37 eV can be attributed to chemisorbed oxygen such as H 2 O or −CO 3 species …”

“…Higher energy peak at 532.37 eV can be attributed to chemisorbed oxygen such as H 2 O or −CO 3 species. [52,53] The difference between Fermi level energy (E f ) and valence band maximum (E VBM ) was evaluated from the XPS spectra shown in Figure 6d. This was done by extrapolating the leading edge of the XPS spectra to the baseline as shown in the inset of Figure 6d.…”

Avoiding ambient air and light induced degradation in high-efficiency polymer solar cells by the use of hydrogen-doped zinc oxide as electron extraction material

“…The diffraction peaks for the hydrogen annealed sample are significantly broader than for the untreated sample, as a result of reduced crystallinity. Moreover, the hexagonal lattice parameters decrease significantly from ZnO (a = b = 3.241(5) Å and c = 5.192(7) Å) to HZO (a = b = 3.226(11) Å, c = 5.160(18) Å), which indicates shorter inter-planar distances in the hydrogen-annealed sample [64,65]. This can be unambiguously attributed to the intercalation of hydrogen within the HZO oxide's lattice, as also indicated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra shown in Fig.…”