Passive exposure to pollutants from conventional cigarettes and new electronic smoking devices (IQOS, e-cigarette) in passenger cars

Schöber, Wolfgang; Fembacher, Ludwig; Frenzen, Adela; Fromme, Hermann

doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.01.003

Cited by 45 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Accordingly, it is paramount to expand the evidence concerning these products, with details worth being sought ranging from cardiovascular effects to additivity and polluting impact. Indeed, while the dramatic and persisting indoor polluting effect of TCC is very clear, MRP also adversely modify indoor ambient air [ 20 ], for instance, by releasing PM and other established or potentially toxic agents [ 35 ]. This holds true for HNBC as well as EVC, despite their evident inherent differences [ 35 , 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, while the dramatic and persisting indoor polluting effect of TCC is very clear, MRP also adversely modify indoor ambient air [ 20 ], for instance, by releasing PM and other established or potentially toxic agents [ 35 ]. This holds true for HNBC as well as EVC, despite their evident inherent differences [ 35 , 36 ]. In particular, it is established that even single usage of MRP increases indoor PM levels significantly [ 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Indoor Pollution from Glo, Iqos, and Juul, Using Traditional Combustion Cigarettes as Benchmark: Evidence from the Randomized SUR-VAPES AIR Trial

Peruzzi

Frati

Carnevale

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Modified risk products (MRP) such as electronic vaping cigarettes (EVC) and heat-not-burn cigarettes (HNBC) are appealing alternatives to combustion cigarettes. Limited between- and within-device comparative data are available on MRP. We aimed at comparing indoor particulate matter (PM) emissions measured in a randomized trial enforcing standardized smoking sessions, testing different devices and flavors of MRP, using traditional combustion cigarettes (TCC) as benchmark. Overall, MRP yielded significantly lower levels of indoor PM in comparison to TCC (with median PM levels during smoking for MRP < 100 μg/m3, and for TCC > 1000 μg/m3). Despite this, significant differences among MRP were found, with Iqos appearing associated with a significantly lower burden of emissions for all the monitored fractions of PM, including total PM (all p < 0.05). Precisely, during use, PM ≤1 µm (PM1) emissions were 28 (16; 28) μg/m3 for Glo, 25 (15; 57) μg/m3 for Iqos, and 73 (15; 559) μg/m3 for Juul (p < 0.001 for Glo vs. Iqos, p < 0.001 for Glo vs. Juul, and p = 0.045 for Iqos vs. Juul). Exploratory within-MRP analyses suggested significant differences between flavors, favoring, for instance, Ultramarine for Glo, Bronze for Iqos, and Mango for Juul, even if results varied substantially according to individual smoker. In conclusion, leading MRP have significantly less intense and persistent effects on indoor pollution in comparison to TCC. Yet, when focusing solely on MRP, between-product and between-flavor differences appear, with quantitative estimates suggesting lower polluting effects with Iqos. These results, if confirmed externally, could be used to individualize product and flavor choice to minimize the untoward effects of EVC and HNBC on indoor pollution.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Indoor Pollution from Glo, Iqos, and Juul, Using Traditional Combustion Cigarettes as Benchmark: Evidence from the Randomized SUR-VAPES AIR Trial

Peruzzi

Frati

Carnevale

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…The nicotine levels associated with the e-cigarette and the IQOS were assimilable, whereas the largest nicotine concentrations (8–140 µg/m³) demonstrated tobacco cigarettes. Moreover, the investigators detected that using cigarettes also induced pollution in the room atmosphere through acetaldehyde (26.5–141.5 µg/m³), formaldehyde (18.5–56.5 µg/m³), and acetone (27.8–75.8 µg/m³) [31].…”

Section: Possible Pollutantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The only possible protection against second-hand smoke within cars is not to smoke tobacco [32]. Tobacco cigarettes, the IQOS, and e-cigarettes are all preventable origins of indoor contaminants [31].…”

Section: Possible Pollutantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor Air Pollution in Cars: An Update on Novel Insights

Zulauf

Dröge

Klingelhöfer

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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From a global viewpoint, a lot of time is spent within the indoor air compartment of vehicles. A German study on mobility has revealed that, on average, people spend 45 minutes per day inside vehicles. In recent years the number of cars has increased to around 43 million vehicles in private households. This means that more than one car can be used in every household. The ratio has been growing, especially in eastern Germany and rural areas. “Overall and especially outside the cities, the car remains by far number one mode of transport, especially in terms of mileage”. Therefore, numerous international studies have addressed different aspects of indoor air hygiene, in the past years. In this paper, meaningful original studies on car indoor air pollution, related to VOCs, COx, PMs, microbials, BFRs, OPFRs, cigarettes, electronic smoking devices, high molecular weight plasticizer, and NOx are summarized in the form of a review. This present review aimed to summarize recently published studies in this important field of environmental medicine and points to the need for further studies with special recommendations for optimizing the interior air hygiene.

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“…Number of particles per unit of volume in cars of different sizes (1.a and 1.b = larger cars, 2.a = midsize cars, 3.a and 3.b = smaller cars) after consumption of various nicotine products in the interior of the car43 Regional cumulative doses expressed as % of total cumulative dose (CD Tot ) as functions of the age of CD R ) kao postotak CD Tot i kao funkciju starosti izložene osobe. CD Tot (čestice/kg bw) ukazuje na "teorijski" unos štetnih tvari u slučaju izloženosti pasivnom pušenju.Razmotrena su tri vremenska intervala u trajanju od 1 h (Δt 1 ) 2 h (Δt 2 ) i 3 h (Δt 3 ) za svaki uređaj za pušenje u svr-Uz iznimku ENDS-a, doze aerosola povećavale su se od jedne do druge pušačke serije, jer vremenski interval od 1 h od početka serije pušenja nije bio dovoljan da omogući potpuno smanjenje koncentracije aerosola.…”

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Konvencionalne cigarete vs. alternativni uređaji – štetnost po zdravlje čovjeka i ekosustav

et al. 2019

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Duhanski dim prvi je sprječiv uzrok smrti, a pušenje je danas sve manje prihvatljivo u mnogim društvenim segmentima. Radi vlastitog opstanka na tržištu duhanska industrija posljednjih desetak godina razvija alternativne proizvode – ENDS (engl. electrical nicotine delivery system) i HNBT (engl. heat-not-burn), kako bi ponudila manje štetnu opciju potrošačima. Proizvođači e-cigareta pozivaju se na deklaraciju GRAS, koja se odnosi isključivo na konzumiranje ingestijom, dok je već i udisanje samog aerosola, koji nastaje kod oba navedena proizvoda, štetno. E-cigarete stvaraju aerosol zagrijavanjem e-tekućine, dok se HNBT uređaji temelje na zagrijavanju komprimiranog lišća duhana, čime nastaju štetni spojevi iako u znatno manjim koncentracijama nego kod konvencionalnih cigareta.

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Passive exposure to pollutants from conventional cigarettes and new electronic smoking devices (IQOS, e-cigarette) in passenger cars

Cited by 45 publications

References 46 publications

Comparative Indoor Pollution from Glo, Iqos, and Juul, Using Traditional Combustion Cigarettes as Benchmark: Evidence from the Randomized SUR-VAPES AIR Trial

Comparative Indoor Pollution from Glo, Iqos, and Juul, Using Traditional Combustion Cigarettes as Benchmark: Evidence from the Randomized SUR-VAPES AIR Trial

Indoor Air Pollution in Cars: An Update on Novel Insights

Konvencionalne cigarete vs. alternativni uređaji – štetnost po zdravlje čovjeka i ekosustav

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