Passive Immunity and Antibody Response Induced by Toxoplasma gondii VLP Immunization

Abstract

Passive immunity can provide immediate protection against infectious pathogens. To date, only a few studies have investigated the effect of passive immunization against Toxoplasma gondii, and the use of immune sera acquired from VLP-vaccinated mice for passive immunity assessment remains unreported. In this study, immune sera were produced by a single immunization with virus-like particles (VLPs) expressing the inner membrane complex (IMC), rhoptry protein 18 (ROP18), and microneme protein 8 (MIC8) of Toxoplasma gondii, with or without a CpG-ODN adjuvant. The passive immunization of immune sera conferred protection in mice, as indicated by their potent parasite-specific antibody response, lessened brain cyst counts, lower bodyweight loss, and enhanced survival. In order to confirm that the immune sera of the VLP-immunized mice were truly protective, the antibody responses and other immunological parameters were measured in the VLP-immunized mice. We found that VLP immunization induced higher levels of parasite-specific IgG, IgG subclass, and IgM antibody responses in the sera and intestines than in the controls. Enhanced Th1 and Th2-associated cytokines in the spleen, diminished brain cyst counts, and lessened body weight loss were found following T. gondii ME49 challenge infection. These results suggest that passive immunization with the immune sera acquired from VLP-vaccinated mice can confer adequate protection against T. gondii infection.

Mucosal Administration of Recombinant Baculovirus Displaying Toxoplasma gondii ROP4 Confers Protection Against T. gondii Challenge Infection in Mice

“…2020a; Kang et al, 2021a;Kang et al, 2021b). In the present study, unimmunized mice died by 16 dpi which was attributed to the high infection dose exceeding 450 cysts.…”

“…Notably, while the ROP4-rBVs used in the present study only elicited strong antibody responses in the intestines, ROP4 VLPs from our previous work induced the production of vast quantities of vaginal, urinal, fecal, and intestinal IgG. In many of our previous studies investigating the protective efficacy of T. gondii VLP vaccines, unimmunized mice perished around 30 dpi when infected with 450 cysts ( Kang et al., 2019 ; Kang et al., 2020a ; Kang et al., 2021a ; Kang et al., 2021b ). In the present study, unimmunized mice died by 16 dpi which was attributed to the high infection dose exceeding 450 cysts.…”