Passive Microwave Biosensor for Real-Time Monitoring of Subsurface Bacterial Growth

Jain, Mandeep Chhajer; Nadaraja, Anupama Vijaya; Mohammadi, Sevda; Vizcaino, Bianca Marjan; Zarifi, Mohammad H.

doi:10.1109/tbcas.2021.3055227

Cited by 47 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Microwave sensing technology has recently been adopted in a myriad of applications including ice sensing 24,25 , liquid and gas sensing [26][27][28][29] , dielectric spectroscopy [30][31][32] , monitoring cancer 33,34 , detection of glucose and electrolyte level in aqueous solutions 35,36 , and recently in clinical microbiology practices [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] . Microwave resonators have recently shown to be highly sensitive in sensing and monitoring bacteria 39,40,46,47 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Rapid and real-time monitoring of bacterial growth against antibiotics in solid growth medium using a contactless planar microwave resonator sensor

Jain

Nadaraja

Narang

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Infection diagnosis and antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) are pertinent clinical microbiology practices that are in dire need of improvement, due to the inadequacy of current standards in early detection of bacterial response to antibiotics and affordability of contemporarily used methods. This paper presents a novel way to conduct AST which hybridizes disk diffusion AST with microwave resonators for rapid, contactless, and non-invasive sensing and monitoring. In this research, the effect of antibiotic (erythromycin) concentrations on test bacterium, Escherichia coli (E. coli) cultured on solid agar medium (MH agar) are monitored through employing a microwave split-ring resonator. A one-port microwave resonator operating at a 1.76 GHz resonant frequency, featuring a 5 mm2 sensitive sensing region, was designed and optimized to perform this. Upon introducing uninhibited growth of the bacteria, the sensor measured 0.005 dB/hr, with a maximum change of 0.07 dB over the course of 15 hours. The amplitude change decreased to negligible values to signify inhibited growth of the bacteria at higher concentrations of antibiotics, such as a change of 0.005 dB in resonant amplitude variation while using 45 µg of antibiotic. Moreover, this sensor demonstrated decisive results of antibiotic susceptibility in under 6 hours and shows great promise to expand automation to the intricate AST workflow in clinical settings, while providing rapid, sensitive, and non-invasive detection capabilities.

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confidence: 99%

Rapid and real-time monitoring of bacterial growth against antibiotics in solid growth medium using a contactless planar microwave resonator sensor

Jain

Nadaraja

Narang

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…small [18] Biosensors are an attractive method for label-free capability of monitoring bacteria and viruses [19]. A microwave resonator is extensively used nowadays as a contactless and non-invasive method for virus detection with a transmission coefficient |S 21 | [20] resonant frequency and quality factor [21,22].…”

Section: Moderate Price and Fast Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Detection of Coronavirus (COVID-19) Using Microwave Immunosensor Cavity Resonator

Elsheakh

Ahmed

Elashry

et al. 2021

Sensors

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This paper presents a rapid diagnostic device for the detection of the pandemic coronavirus (COVID-19) using a micro-immunosensor cavity resonator. Coronavirus has been declared an international public health crisis, so it is important to design quick diagnostic methods for the detection of infected cases, especially in rural areas, to limit the spread of the virus. Herein, a proof-of-concept is presented for a portable laboratory device for the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus using electromagnetic biosensors. This device is a microwave cavity resonator (MCR) composed of a sensor operating at industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) 2.45 GHz inserted in 3D housing. The changes of electrical properties of measured serum samples after passing the sensor surface are presented. The three change parameters of the sensor are resonating frequency value, amplitude and phase of the reflection coefficient |S11|. This immune-sensor offers a portable, rapid and accurate diagnostic method for the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which can enable on-site diagnosis of infection. Medical validation for the device is performed through biostatistical analysis using the ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) method. The predictive accuracy of the device is 63.3% and 60.6% for reflection and phase, respectively. The device has advantages of low cost, low size and weight and rapid response. It does need a trained technician to operate it since a software program operates automatically. The device can be used at ports’ quarantine units, hospitals, etc.

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“…Microwave spectroscopy can give an immediate response as soon as a sample is in contact with the EM through a sensing structure. Consequently, microwave spectroscopy has emerged in recent years as a novel monitoring technique in the food industry [ 60 , 61 ], healthcare [ 62 ], sports science [ 63 ], built environment [ 64 ], structural analysis [ 65 ], environmental monitoring [ 66 ] and water quality control [ 67 ]. One reason that makes this method highly adaptable is the various physical forms that the sensing structure can take: resonant cavities, waveguides, horn antennas, flexible and planar resonant sensors, depending on the form of MUT.…”

Section: Microwave Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Sensors for In Situ Monitoring of Trace Metals in Polluted Water

Frau

Wylie

Byrne

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Thousands of pollutants are threatening our water supply, putting at risk human and environmental health. Between them, trace metals are of significant concern, due to their high toxicity at low concentrations. Abandoned mining areas are globally one of the major sources of toxic metals. Nowadays, no method can guarantee an immediate response for quantifying these pollutants. In this work, a novel technique based on microwave spectroscopy and planar sensors for in situ real-time monitoring of water quality is described. The sensors were developed to directly probe water samples, and in situ trial measurements were performed in freshwater in four polluted mining areas in the UK. Planar microwave sensors were able detect the water pollution level with an immediate response specifically depicted at three resonant peaks in the GHz range. To the authors’ best knowledge, this is the first time that planar microwave sensors were tested in situ, demonstrating the ability to use this method for classifying more and less polluted water using a multiple-peak approach.

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Passive Microwave Biosensor for Real-Time Monitoring of Subsurface Bacterial Growth

Cited by 47 publications

References 63 publications

Rapid and real-time monitoring of bacterial growth against antibiotics in solid growth medium using a contactless planar microwave resonator sensor

Rapid and real-time monitoring of bacterial growth against antibiotics in solid growth medium using a contactless planar microwave resonator sensor

Rapid Detection of Coronavirus (COVID-19) Using Microwave Immunosensor Cavity Resonator

Microwave Sensors for In Situ Monitoring of Trace Metals in Polluted Water

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