Passive Round-Trip-Time Positioning in Dense IEEE 802.11 Networks

Martín-Escalona, Israel; Zola, Enrica

doi:10.3390/electronics9081193

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…However, the disadvantage of this technique is that distance calculations must be performed simultaneously from several BSs/WAPs, which will result in problematic latencies for Location-Based Services (LBS) applications where mobile target devices move fast. Additionally, due to the enormous number of frames that are exchanged between the mobile target devices and the BS/WAPs, this technique creates a significant amount of network traffic load [55].…”

Section: Fig 10 Rtt Localization Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

“…14 Taxonomy of technologies for localization necessitated that innovative and efficient methods be developed to enhance the localization accuracy. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that unrestricted interferences in the ISM band affect localization performance [95]. To implement Wi-Fi-based localization services, the aforementioned RSSI, TOF including RTT, TOA and TDOA, AOA or hybrid methods could be utilized.…”

Section: Wi-fi Based Localization Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comprehensive Review of Indoor/Outdoor Localization Solutions in IoT era: Research Challenges and Future Perspectives

Asaad¹,

Maghdid²

2021

Preprint

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<p>The number of connected mobile devices and Internet of Things (IoT) is growing around us, rapidly. Since, most of the people daily activities are relying on these connected things or devices. Specifically, this past year (with COVID-19) changed daily life in abroad and this is increased the use of IoT enabled technologies in health sector, work, and play. Further, the most common service via using these technologies is the localization/positioning service for different applications including: geo-tagging, billing, contact tracing, health-care system, point-of-interest recommendations, social networking, security, and more. Despite the availability of a large number of localization solutions in the literature, the precision of localization cannot meet the needs of consumers. For that reason, this paper provides an in-depth investigation of the existing technologies and techniques in the localization field, within the IoT era. Furthermore, the benefits and drawbacks of each technique with enabled technologies are illustrated and a comparison between the utilized technologies in the localization is made. The paper as a guideline is also going through all of the metrics that may be used to assess the localization solutions. Finally, the state-of-the-art solutions are examined, with challenges and perspectives regarding indoors/outdoors environments are demonstrated.</p>

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Section: Fig 10 Rtt Localization Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wi-fi Based Localization Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review of Indoor/Outdoor Localization Solutions in IoT era: Research Challenges and Future Perspectives

Asaad¹,

Maghdid²

2021

Preprint

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“…The ubiquitous availability of Wi-Fi networks prompted the design and development of several Wi-Fi-based ranging and positioning techniques [31, 32, 34-36, 50, 59, 61, 63]. After the introduction of Wi-Fi FTM into IEEE 802.11-2016 and several studies [10,26,62] indicating meter-level accuracy in low-multipath environments [24,26], Wi-Fi FTM has seen adoption in numerous systems [8,21,27,29,48,51,64], with notable applications such as indoor positioning [10,30,37,62] and vehicular positioning [27]. Furthermore, positioning requirements for next-generation wireless networks [28] are currently being defined based on Wi-Fi FTM.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Here, there, and everywhere

Schepers

Singh

Ranganathan

2021

Proceedings of the 14th ACM Conference on Security and Privacy in Wireless and Mobile Networks

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Today, an increasing number of applications rely on location and proximity information to deliver services. With the introduction of Wi-Fi Fine Timing Measurement (FTM) in the IEEE 802.11-2016 standard, Wi-Fi derived location and proximity information will play a key role in many safety-and security-critical applications. For example, Wi-Fi FTM is adopted in Wi-Fi Aware where it enables geo-fencing and mobile identification. In this paper, we perform the first security analysis of Wi-Fi FTM and analyze its security guarantees across the logical and physical layers. We find various weaknesses that enable an attacker to introduce distance reductions and enlargements to any arbitrary attacker-chosen value, requiring commodity hardware only. We perform an evaluation using commercial access points, smartphones, and off-the-shelf Wi-Fi cards, and show that an attacker can manipulate distances with meter-level precision. Furthermore, we highlight the distance manipulation attacks which are independent of any higher-layer cryptographic protection, exposing fundamental limitations to achieving secure distance measurements in the current standard. Finally, we present security recommendations for the design and implementation of Wi-Fi FTM and next-generation positioning protocols. CCS CONCEPTS• Networks → Mobile and wireless security.

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“…The fact that an initiator has to start a dedicated communication with the WAP limits the scalability of systems based on WiFi RTT. Some works propose methodologies to synchronize a set of WAPs so that the complete system is more GNSS-like (i.e., unidirectional, see [2,14]), which would enable a fully scalable solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accuracy in WiFi Access Point Position Estimation Using Round Trip Time

García-Fernández¹,

Hoyas-Ester²,

Lopez-Cruces³

et al. 2021

Sensors

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WiFi Round Trip Time (RTT) unlocks meter level accuracies in user terminal positions where no other navigation systems, such as Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), are able to (e.g., indoors). However, little has been done so far to obtain a scalable and automated system that computes the position of the WiFi Access Points (WAP) using RTT and that is able to estimate, in addition to the position, the hardware biases that offset the WiFi ranging measurements. These biases have a direct impact on the ultimate position accuracy of the terminals. This work proposes a method in which the computation of the WiFi Access Points positions and hardware biases (i.e., products) can be estimated based on the ranges and position fixes provided by user terminals (i.e., inverse positioning) and details how this can be improved if raw GNSS measurements (pseudoranges and carrier phase) are also available in the terminal. The data setup used to obtain a performance assessment was configured in a benign scenario (open sky with no obstructions) in order to obtain an upper boundary on the positioning error that can be achieved with the proposed method. Under these conditions, accuracies better than 1.5 m were achieved for the WAP position and hardware bias. The proposed method is suitable to be implemented in an automated manner, without having to rely on dedicated campaigns to survey 802.11mc-compliant WAPs. This paper offers a technique to automatically estimate both mild-indoor WAP products (where terminals have both Wi-Fi RTT and GNSS coverage) and deep-indoor WAP (with no GNSS coverage where the terminals obtain their position exclusively from previously estimated mild-indoor WAPs).

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Passive Round-Trip-Time Positioning in Dense IEEE 802.11 Networks

Cited by 21 publications

References 28 publications

A Comprehensive Review of Indoor/Outdoor Localization Solutions in IoT era: Research Challenges and Future Perspectives

A Comprehensive Review of Indoor/Outdoor Localization Solutions in IoT era: Research Challenges and Future Perspectives

Here, there, and everywhere

Accuracy in WiFi Access Point Position Estimation Using Round Trip Time

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